Achieving Family Harmony in Estate Planning Part 1: Leave Your Estate in the Right Hands

The following is a guest post from Marotta Asset Management.

The most important product of estate planning isn't avoiding probate or reducing estate tax exposure, it's achieving family harmony. As a result, we must watch out for personal dynamics that might threaten disharmony when a person dies or becomes incapacitated.

First, think carefully when you choose your executor or trustee. Being selected to manage an estate for someone who can no longer do so because of death or incapacity is an implicit compliment. It shows you trust the person you've named to do the right thing in the right way.

But it is also a very big job. Unfortunately, it can--and often does--feel like a thankless one. And what's worse is that lack of thoughtful planning too often results in irreconcilable family feuds.

We all know that someone must settle our estate when we die. But because people live longer these days, more of us will experience a period of incompetence before our death. We must plan for the possibility that someone will become responsible for our physical and financial well-being long before a final settlement of the estate can be made.

We often choose a close family member, who probably has no knowledge of what's required of a "fiduciary," the term used to describe a person to whom property or power is entrusted for the benefit of another. Taking on a new and unfamiliar task is stressful and difficult, especially if your life is already full.

Remember that serving as a fiduciary, whether as an agent under a power of attorney, an executor under a will or a trustee under a trust agreement, is a post of honor, but it is not an honorary post.

Don't name an oldest child just because he or she was born first. Ask yourself if your oldest has the traits of a good executor or trustee. Is he organized? Is she trustworthy? Will he see a job through to completion? Is she diplomatic and fair-minded? Might he abuse the position to settle old scores and wounds that are sometimes 30 years in the making? Is she sensible? Will she know when she is over her head and needs professional help?

In short, given all your available choices, is this child the best person for the job?

People sometimes want to name more than one executor so no child will feel left out. If you're so inclined, ask yourself, "Am I putting two scorpions in the same bottle?" The administration of an estate is not intended to be a therapeutic exercise that will ameliorate 20 years of bad feelings between brothers. Now don't get me wrong. Coexecutors can be a good way to go. But ask yourself first if they are people who can work together. Will they help or hinder each other?

Second, think through how you are leaving your estate behind. Family disharmony provisions are all too common.

For example, if you are in a second marriage, it's sometimes hard to be fair both to your spouse and to the children of your first marriage. In one situation, a 50-year-old man had concerns about his father's will. His dad left virtually everything in trust for his second wife. Such a trust commonly provides limited amounts of income and principal to the spouse during the surviving spouse's lifetime. When she dies, the assets pass to his children from his first marriage.

But because the stepmother is 55 years old, Dad effectively disinherited his kids. Don't set up a plan where your children are waiting for their stepmother to die to get their inheritance. Think of creative ways to be evenhanded to your present spouse and your children when you die. And there could be problems naming either the stepmother or the children as trustee.

Another planned disaster is leaving real estate equally to all your children. In Virginia, real estate drops like a rock through probate. It's not like money you can divide up equally. If your kids can't agree unanimously on what to do with the real estate, it can be a serious problem, for the only remedy the law provides is a partition suit. To keep the peace, provide an enforceable mechanism for either one child to buy out his or her siblings or for an executor to sell the real estate and divide the net proceeds up among the children.

Here is another dilemma that requires special consideration. You might recognize the need for one of your children to have his or her inheritance left in trust because of a poor credit record, mental instability, financial instability or a bad marriage.

Suppose that child resents the arrangement, which is quite possible. Who are you going to name as trustee of that child's trust? Are you going to name a sibling as the trustee of another sibling's inheritance? How will that decision affect the sibling relationship?

And if you name a professional trustee, such as an attorney or bank, are you putting your child at the mercy of that professional trustee? What if they provide poor service after you die? Or raise their fees? All those problems go away if you give someone you trust--such as the child you were thinking about naming as trustee--the unlimited power to fire the professional trustee and appoint a new one. It's no surprise how much better professional trustees perform when they know they can be replaced at any time.

Estate planning begins with selecting the trustee who will handle it best. Probate and estate tax avoidance is easy. Selecting the best trustee is critical. Be sure you structure everything legally in a way that will create unity, not animosity. Make that decision well, and you are halfway to drafting your estate plan with family harmony in mind.

Comments

[Neil]

Fantastic advice. I only wish that mt dad had read it before he sadly passed away.

Arguments over his estate have driven me and my brother and sister apart.

[Frank]

I've always thought that the ideal trustee was not a child but a niece or nephew: close enough that they will do a good job and not resent the claim on their time, but distanced enough that they are not so personally involved.

[Param]

I have a more basic question - as an adult child, is inheritance my right - legal or moral?

The other question is related to the post - can the executor also be a beneficiary (which might surely be the case if you choose your child)? Would that not cause serious conflict of interest and at best be avoidable - legally or ethically???