Free Money Finance

Various Forms of Day Trading

The following is a guest post by Alexander from daytradingz.com

It has been proven that long-term money investments offer the best returns concerning the time expenditure associated with such investments. However, even speculative investments with a very short time horizon can generate profits. Day trading is one of the most popular speculative investment strategies. In this article, you will learn more about the different types of day trading.

Scalping

Scalping is an intra-day trading strategy, and it is applied by traders who attempt to complete round trip trades with the aim of making profits within very short periods, typically within seconds or minutes (a round trip is another word for buying and selling the whole position).

Scalp traders focus more on short time frame charts of between a few ticks and one minute. As a result, the profits also tend to be lesser as compared to other traders.

Consider an example of a scalper who purchases 1,000 shares of company XYZ at $10. Suppose the trader sells the same shares within a time duration of two minutes at a price of $10.05, he/she makes a profit of $0.50 per share which results into a total gain of $50.

Similarly, the value of the shares can drop by the same margin ($0.05) resulting in a loss of $50. It is essential to understand that scalpers and day traders may experience losses just as they may gain within the same period – as with any investment.

Momentum Trading

Day traders mostly focus on making profits with momentum trading.  The primary goal for momentum traders is to make profits from more significant moves in the markets by taking advantage of intra-day trades mainly in the stock markets.

Momentum Traders aim to profit from the current momentum that a price move has. Especially during the earnings season, stocks tend to move sharply. It is not unusual for these dynamic movements to generate gains of between 20 and 30 cents per share.

The most crucial aspect for scalpers and momentum traders is the fee structure of the online broker.

If your brokerage account is held with an expensive broker, you will never make profits scalping or day trading. The reason is, that the absolute return in dollars is too small compared to expensive order fees.

Swing Trading

Swing traders act both, short-term and mid-term. Let’s analyze both separately.

Swing traders are quite similar to day traders – however, swing traders tend to hold on their stocks for longer periods. It is common to keep a position for a few days or even some weeks.

Swing traders also have the great advantage that they can use one of the best investment apps to buy and sell their positions. They can also use trading apps like Webull, Stash, Stockpile or Robinhood to monitor their positions from anywhere. 

In case that the stop loss is hit earlier, swing traders also exit their open position. That’s why swing traders are sometimes short-term traders as well.

Swing traders conduct mainly enter and exit the markets based on price movements on the bigger time frames like the 60 minutes chart or even the daily chart.

Swing traders may decide to go for a price target of $20 using the 60 minutes, daily or weekly chart. The position size is calculated depending on the relation between the target price and the stop loss price. While scalpers and day traders can not calculate the risk reward ration within a few seconds, the swing trader can plan his trades accordingly. A good risk-reward ratio is 1:2 or higher. That means that the potential reward should be double as high as the risk.

For example, a swing trader enters the market at $10 with a price target of $2 per share and a holding period of 4 weeks. Then a risk-reward ratio of 1:2 leads to a stop loss at $9. So only 1 dollar away from the entry, while the target is 2 dollars away from the entry point.

Trading Style Hybrids

It is also common for speculators to apply a hybrid trading strategy.

Consider a swing trader who takes a position on 1,000 shares long and only takes gains from 700 shares leaving the rest (300 shares) as an intra-day swing position. Such a hybrid strategy allows a trader to spread risk over a more extended period.

Alternatively, it is also possible to open a position intraday with 1,000 shares, scalping for a substantial profit for 3/4th of the position, while holding the rest of 250 for a longer period.

However, I prefer not to mix up different time frames and trading styles due to the additional challenge to plan the risk and reward for the mixed hybrid trading style.

Conclusion

Speculative investing offers a lot of opportunities making profits within a short period. However, you should always be beware about the fact, that the risk is at least as high. Due to the brokerage fees the risk including fees is even higher than the potential.

So it is essential to plan the trading activities properly. Overtrading is one of the reasons many short-term traders fail. There can be days where you just do not any trade during a day. This is okay. There is no need to hurry. To trade where no good entry point exists is like buying consumer products you don’t need.

5 Reasons You Need a Robo-Advisor

The following is a guest post from Barbara A. Friedberg from Robo-Advisor Pros. 

When I mention to my friends that I’m passionate about fintech and robo-advisors, I’m typically met with a blank stare. Next come the follow up questions:
“A robot advisor, what’s that?”

“What the heck is a robo-advisor, I’ve never heard of that?”

So, I begin my story; robo-advisors are a new-ish way to invest your money, get professional money management and free up time to do the stuff you really enjoy.

Now, many folks tune out as the “money and investing” topic comes up. It’s typical to get a “What have you been up to recently?” comment at this point, in a not-so-subtle attempt at changing the subject.

But, not one to quit, I explain that you can grow your wealth – a lot – on autopilot with a robo-advisor. As soon as I mention hundreds of thousands of dollars, I have their attention.

And here are 5 reason that you need a robo-advisor:

1. You need a robo-advisor so that you can retire someday.

Retirement statistics are scary. Rebecca Lake writes in a recent RothIRA.com article that the average retirement savings of working families aged 32 to 61 is just north of $95,000, (Economic Policy Institute data). While 38% have less than $10,000 saved. Forty four percent of Americans aren’t saving for retirement.

You’ll likely live into your 80’s and could last even longer.

With the average Social Security benefit of $1,409.91 per month or roughly $17,000 per year, unless you live off the land, you’ll need to supplement your income.

With a robo-advisor you can open a retirement account, answer a few risk questions, transfer money in every month and have that money managed for free or a low fee by M1 Finance, WiseBanyan, Schwab and others.

Invest $500 per month, earn 7% annually and in roughly 30 years, you have over $610,000. If you earn $75,000 per year, you can certainly spare $6,000 to invest for your future! A robo-advisor can make the process seamless!

2. You need a robo-advisor because you want to have fun on the week-ends.

Most folks spend their week-ends playing with the kids, doing chores and squeezing in some fun. If you’re managing your investments on the week-ends – on top of everything else – then there’s not much time for fun.

After choosing a robo-advisor, setting up the account, selecting your risk level, you’re done! You can be confident that the robo-advisor will craft low fee, diversified investments, in line with your goals and risk level. As long as your bank transfer continues into the robo-advisor, your money is set up to grow for tomorrow.

The low-fee benefit of robo-advisors means that your money won’t be going to a high priced financial advisor, but into the investment markets to grow for your future.

3. You need a robo-advisor because you want to get the best returns for the least amount of work with your investing.

Who do you think earns the best returns in the investment markets over the long-term? Do you think it’s high priced active investment fund managers, who regularly buys and sells stocks and bonds, or the patient passive investor who selects low-fee index funds and sticks with the plan through the market ups and downs?

It’s the passive, index fund investor.

And, guess what, that exact strategy is followed by most robo-advisors. The investing studies are clear – passive investing in index funds leads to greater long term returns than the buying and selling of active fund managers.

In fact, Betterment, Personal Capital and others have some of the finest investment minds on their boards of directors, guiding their index fund investment selections.

4. You need a robo-advisor because your investment advisor charges too much.

The average financial advisor charges roughly 1.0% of assets under management. On top of that fee, there are trading commissions and the fees charged by the underlying investment funds. The Principal Blue Chip A (PBLAX), actively managed large cap mutual fund charges a 1.15% expense ratio. If your financial advisor includes that fund in your investment portfolio then you’re paying 2.15% in expenses as you total the fund and advisory fees.

Now, robo-advisors typically invest in low fee index funds. For instance, a popular S&P 500 exchange traded fund (ETF), the SPDR S&P 500 ETF (SPY) charges a 0.09% management expense ratio. Assume that you invest with WiseBanyan or M1 Finance, who don’t charge management fees, and your investments with the robo-advisor includes the SPY. Your total fee would be 0.09%. That leaves 99.91% of your money to grow for the future.

Of course, there will be other investment funds within your portfolio with varying expense ratios, but with a robo-advisor, those funds typically charge very low fees. And, some robo-advisors, such as Wealthfront and Personal Capital invest in individual stocks, without the underlying fees of ETFs, within their robo-advisor.

5. You need a robo-advisor because there are digital advisors with various styles and features.

Robo-advisors aren’t all alike. There are robo-advisors for every type of investor. If you want to try your hand at beating the market, but don’t want the responsibility of actually buying and selling stocks on a regular basis. There are actively managed robo-advisors.

For example, Personal Capital, Qplum, T.Rowe Price Active Plus Portfolios, Merrill Edge Guided Investing, Building Benjamins and Alpha Architect all combine a computerized robo-advisor with active investment management strategies. And you can expect to pay lower fees for these robo-advisors than you would for a human financial advisor.

If you can’t bear the idea of not having a financial advisor to speak with, there are many robo-advisors that also offer access to human financial advisors. Personal Capital, Betterment, Ellevest, Qplum, Wealthsimple and TD Ameritrade all include credentialed financial advisors to help you with your personalized investment questions.

So, if you want top-notch investments, low fees and a set-it and forget it investment approach, then you need a robo-advisor.

How to Allocate Your Assets for Financial Freedom

The following is a guest post from Millionaire Mob.

Allocating assets is very important. Actually, it’s likely the most important component for building sustained wealth over time. If you can master budgeting and saving, congrats! You are onto the next step of building wealth… Allocating your assets efficiently.

If you are seeking financial freedom, you must think about your asset allocation now. Not in the future. You must create a plan that works and most importantly, is realistic.

It’s okay to feel overwhelmed with where you should put your money, that’s natural. If you have a plan for success or an outline of how to invest your money, you will feel much less overwhelmed. Plus, you’ll feel a lot less guilty if you want to splurge on spending every once and awhile.

Why asset allocation is important?

Asset allocation is important. It’s as simple as that. But why? You need to mix you assets to allow your hard-earned savings to start working for you. Money is a tool that can help you create new opportunities and thus, more money. There are a few reasons why asset allocation is important:

1. Without proper asset allocation, you can lose out on significant value appreciation.
2. Financial decisions you make today will impact your future more than financial decisions you make 20 years from now.
3. There is no one-size-fits-all approach with asset allocation. It’s on you to create a plan that reflects your risk tolerance, financial goals and timeline for financial freedom.

How to Allocate Your Assets for Financial Freedom

Let’s dive into a few steps to help you start allocating your assets for financial freedom.

1. Determine Your Risk Tolerance

Where and how you invest is the most important part of allocating your assets. Before you invest, you should understand the capital stack. This is the biggest determinant of why lending can be less risky than being an equity owner. Also, the capital structure helps you understand that leverage (or low-cost debt) is not a bad thing with real asset ownership.

If you are an ordinary investor and young, I’d consider the following approach to start investing for financial freedom:

• 50% index investing 
• 10% bonds
• 40% direct real estate for income and capital appreciation
• 10% alternative investments such as peer-to-peer lending, real estate crowdfunding, etc.

When considering where to park your money, you need to think about these as part of the total pie collectively (both on a pre-tax and after-tax basis). You can gain significant exposure to indices and bonds through your retirement accounts including (401k, Roth IRA, IRA, etc.), but that’s not it.

You should think about your after-tax proceeds from work to allocate to index investments, direct real estate for income and alternative investments. You should have a sizeable nest egg of after-tax index contributions that you can start withdrawing once you achieve your optimal financial freedom target. Volatile stocks are a normal part of the market, so you need to stay invested over time. Make yourself aware that downcycles will happen.

I love real estate because it provides an opportunity to increase your income AND build wealth through the use of leverage. If you can find outstanding income properties, you can start building wealth immediately through compound interest.

2. Diversify

Diversification is paramount for any person aspiring for financial freedom. If you are an expert investor, you can make a case where diversification is a bad thing.

However, for personal finance, diversification needs to happen.

Diversification can happen on several levels, including:

• Types of securities (stocks, bonds, real estate ownership)
• Industry
• Geographic

Thus, you should hit on each of these levels of diversification when thinking about where to allocate your assets. Keep is high level when you think about diversification, no need to think about sub-industries, city specific, etc. If you think about diversification too much, you will run into overkill.

3. Keep It Simple Stupid (KISS)

If you want to allocate your assets for financial freedom, you should deploy the KISS method. Here’s how you can keep things simple:

• Avoid opening too many accounts. A handful of accounts will keep everything clean and consolidated into one place.
• Continue to learn, but don’t chase. You simply don’t need to divert away from your plan to achieve financial freedom. If you write a script upfront that has realistic assumptions, there’s no reason to change your methods.
• Use low-cost options. Surprise! The financial services industry loves making money for their clients, but also loves making money for themselves. Use low-cost options that will achieve the same goals, like index-funds.

Conclusion on Allocating You Assets

First, achieve the repetition of saving on a continually basis. Make your savings habitual. That should be the easy part due to many different automated tools tied with bank accounts. Set up automatic transfers from banking accounts to your investment accounts. From there, make a plan upfront of what number you need to achieve. Then, start deploying your capital into your various asset allocations. Don’t stray away from your plan. Stay focused and continue to invest.

Go out and enjoy life.

An Alternative Look at the FIRE (Financial Independence, Retire Early) Movement

The following is a guest post from Kevin at Next Level Finance.

One of the biggest trends in the personal finance world in recent years has been the FIRE (Financial Independence, Retire Early) movement. At its best, it’s a passionate group of individuals seeking independence from traditional employment and a healthy work/life balance. At its worst, it’s a group of bloggers with unrealistic financial projections that are a bit too caught up with finding that perfect Instagram shot while traveling.

The movement seems to be more popular in the world of bloggers compared to the offline world of coworkers and neighbors. Personal finance and FIRE bloggers often tout the income their blog is generating, and how that has led them to financial independence. Some of these folks have quit the corporate gigs and now focus fully on blogging and deriving income from their online activities.

Let’s be clear: this is great! Entrepreneurial activities and finding independence outside of more traditional work arrangements can be a great thing. I’ve been in this camp for years, so I can certainly appreciate it.

However, I believe there’s a bit of a leap from generating enough side income to quit a job to the idea of early retirement, and I believe the messaging around it is faulty. So, I find it important to consider alternative views of the FIRE movement. Even if you’re pursuing early retirement, hopefully you still find this discussion fruitful.

Let’s dive into some specifics...

We’ve had a historic bull market in stocks.

It’s no surprise that the FIRE movement has taken hold in the latter stages of a historic bull market run in stocks. The decade long run in stocks has had a myriad of effects.

First, people feel wealthy. The values of their investable assets have gone up dramatically. With a larger set of assets in the bank or a brokerage account, it’s more tempting to pull the trigger on early retirement.

Second, we’ve had very low volatility. The bull market (the S&P 500) has nearly gone straight up since 2009, and naturally, this has made investors complacent.

Low volatility and consistent year-after-year returns makes everyone feel like an above-average investor, and it can be tempting to think that the party will go on forever.

Bull markets are great for everyone, but the prudent investor has a bit of skepticism and plans for worse days. If you’re considering early retirement, and the amount of assets you have exposed to the stock market is to be a major source of security and/or income, you should be asking yourself a number of questions such as: What if a quick, market correction of 20% or 30% occurs? How exposed am I to market fluctuations? If I had to, could I go a few years without touching the money in my stock market accounts?

A 401(k) shouldn’t factor into early retirement

One of the strangest parts of the FIRE movement is when 401(k) balances are cited. Here’s an example from an article on MarketWatch:

Earlier in her 20s, she set a goal to retire from full-time work at age 35, but she later decided to move that date up to 27.

She wasn’t going to “retire” completely, but work flexibly after quitting her job. At that time, she planned to move to Minneapolis to be with her boyfriend. She saved more than $130,000 in a 401(k), about $25,000 in a Roth IRA and kept $20,000 in cash. She also had about $5,000 in a taxable investment account and $10,000 in a health savings account.

If you withdraw money from a 401(k) account before the age of 59 ½, you are not only taxed, but you get hit with a 10% withdrawal penalty. Withdrawing money early on a 401(k) and incurring the 10% penalty is viewed by just about everyone as a really bad idea.

As such, the above example becomes ridiculous quickly. The individual’s $130k in the 401(k) is now irrelevant for the early retirement scenario. Sure, that balance will grow on its own between the ages of 27 and 59 ½, but this person has 30 years until then to figure out how to get income.

So, the person basically has $20k in cash, $5k in an investment account and $10k in an HSA. You can early withdraw contributions from a Roth, so to be generous, let’s just say this person has $60,000 in savings across these accounts for her FIRE scenario. A 4% withdrawal rate on $60,000 is $2,400 per year.

It’s not really a surprise that you read the following later on in the article:

Now, she’s living with her parents until she finds a new, full-time job, back in the IT world where she started.

Withdrawal rates

Since we touched on the topic of withdrawing investment or retirement money, let’s discuss withdrawal rates briefly.

If you’re an investor, there are very few things you can control. They are things such as asset allocation or diversification, contribution levels and withdrawal rates. Everything else is pretty much up to Mr. Market.

In very serious market corrections that occur every so often (e.g. the 2008 crash), even asset allocation or diversification doesn’t hold up very well. In 2008, essentially everything got hit (there was nowhere to hide). While asset allocation is an important consideration, it needs to be held in its proper place.

As such, for a retired individual or someone considering retirement, withdrawal rate becomes the most important factor for your portfolio. Most often you’ll see the 4% number cited as the safe withdrawal rate for a portfolio. It’s reasonable, but even the 4% level can bring about risk. In a prolonged period of time, if your portfolio goes through a major correction due to a larger market event (such as 2008), the 4% withdrawal rate will severely hamper your portfolio survivability.

It's important to always recall the mathematics of loss. Bear markets hurt your portfolio more than bull markets help your portfolio. If your portfolio goes down 30%, you then need a 40%+ gain to get back to even. If you’re withdrawing 4% through a down period in your portfolio, some losses become permanent.

How’s this apply to the FIRE discussion? Risk is a crucial element of any long-term financial planning, especially in a retirement scenario where regular income is either taken off the board or reduced. The amount of money you withdraw from a retirement portfolio is a major element of risk to consider.

If you want to retire early, be conservative in your estimations of withdrawing money from investments and think through in advance possible scenarios where you may need to cut back on the withdrawal rate in order to maintain the long-term viability of your portfolio.

Re-examining the idea of work

It seems like much of the FIRE mentality is about escaping a mundane work environment. That might mean getting away from a 9-5 job or getting away from being an employee where you’re at the mercy of an employer.

Whatever the reason behind the motivation for early retirement, a broader discussion of work seems important.

Here are a few principles I tend to embrace regarding work:

1. Working simply for the ability to make a living and provide for yourself and your family is not only okay, it’s an admirable thing. One thing that can get lost in the pursuit of more fulfilling work is the idea that work in and of itself is still a worthwhile thing. The person who works a mundane job day in and day out while providing for his or her family is worthy of our respect just as much as a jet-setting entrepreneur managing his or her business from exotic locales.
2. If you seek more enjoyable or fulfilling work, awesome! But realize that nothing is easy. There’s a misconception often in the FIRE community that it’s super easy to get a few passive income streams up and running, and then, you’re off! The real world doesn’t really operate this way. Other than things like simple index funds, there are very few passive income streams. For example, a friend of mine that derives his income from real estate rentals (often cited as passive income) works harder than anyone I know. You should always expect that generating income is going to require hard work.
3. Beware the promise of online income streams. I’ve made a full-time living off of online audiences now for the last seven years, so I can say with first-hand experience that it’s not for everybody, and it’s likely much harder than you think. If online income is your goal, then go for it, but plan to work very hard for little to no money for years. Even if you get over the initial multi-year hurdle, for most people, it’ll likely never be any substantial money. Could it result in a hobby you enjoy and make a little extra cash? Yes! But for many, if they examine the hourly wage they’re earning for the time put in, they’d have been much better off working a second job elsewhere.
4. I wish I had more patience when I was in my 20s. Since much of the FIRE conversation occurs around young people, I’d encourage anyone in their 20s (or maybe 30s) that is reading this to be patient. I was a very impatient 20-something always seeking the next thing, the next business, the next way to make a buck. While things worked out fine for me, I wish someone had sat me down and encouraged patience. You have a long career ahead of you. You will be able to do many, many awesome and fulfilling things. It’s okay to be patient, earn a paycheck and learn from your company, your co-workers, your bosses. Work your way up in your company for a few years and take on additional responsibility. The experience is extremely valuable and will aid you down the road when you want to be more independent.

Family considerations

I’ve observed that discussions of family are often missing in the FIRE equation. “Retiring” early on a relatively small asset base gets pretty difficult when you start factoring in children. Or, what about aging parents?

I can tell you from first-hand experience that kids are expensive! Even when you’re trying to “do things different” from maybe the wider culture, there are still a large number of expenses that can be difficult to avoid.

While many FIRE participants maybe don’t have kids, or plan to never have kids, I’d also remind folks that things change in life! Priorities change, circumstances change, and you might find yourself with kids ten years after you assumed that you’d never have kids.

Regardless of your situation, I encourage you to consider (at least to a small degree) the chance that your perspectives on family may change down the road. And if they do, having the flexibility to adjust financially will be paramount.

A better path for those looking for an alternative work/life situation

I’ve spent roughly 1500 words poking holes in the FIRE movement.

I don’t want to just throw cold water on a movement which has legitimate intentions and goals, so perhaps I can offer some suggestions for a better path forward for people looking to change their work/life circumstances? Here are 5 tips for those intrigued by the FIRE movement but want to consider alternative paths:

1. Plan to work harder than anyone else. The first tip is a basic one, but it’s often overlooked. Spend a few years working harder than anyone else setting up a business or additional income streams. Don’t quit your job, but spend your free time working. There are no guarantees, but you CAN build something valuable in your spare time without destroying your current financial picture.
2. Don’t dismiss your experience and skills. Use them! The best way to grow additional income streams is to leverage your existing skill set and network. An easy transition from traditional employment can often be consulting in the same space. This sort of transition has the following elements working in your favor: You have skills in this space, you have a network in this space, and you have a track record you can point to which should help you land clients (often the hardest part of being on your own).
3. Expand your skills so you can wear multiple hats. When you go out on your own, you’re going to be doing everything yourself. You’re going to selling and trying to land clients, providing the service or building the product, creating invoices, managing the books, and handling things like insurance and taxes. While you’re getting a paycheck, why not try to expand your skills so that such a transition will be smoother? Ask your employer if you can help out in other areas. This not only makes you a more valuable employee (and maybe help land a raise), but it’ll give you valuable experience in a number of areas that will help you later.
4. Always be more conservative in your projections. Almost every entrepreneur who “takes the leap” is too optimistic with regards to projections. Initial sales and revenues are almost always lower than you think. Whatever you’re projecting to make in your first year, cut it in half and then consider how that will impact things. Additionally, make sure you have a cash cushion for personal emergencies. There’s nothing more stressful than deciding whether to pay for fixing your car or funding your business. While you’re struggling to generate revenue, life is still happening. Things break, people get sick, etc.
5. Don’t forsake saving for “real” retirement. Probably the biggest problem with early retirement is that it means you are no longer saving money. If you’re under 40, the reality is that you might have 50 years of life left to pay for. Having enough money for all circumstances that life can throw at you over such a length of time is not a simple matter. If you transition out of traditional employment to a more entrepreneurial setup, make sure you’re still socking away money for later in life.

To conclude, if you’re someone drawn to the FIRE movement, congratulations! It means you want more for yourself. I encourage you to consider your future situation from a number of angles and remind yourself that what you’re doing now still has tremendous value. There’s no rush to escape it. Seek to find fulfillment in your current situation while you prudently pursue the next phase of life. Good luck.

 

Four Enjoyable Activities for 2019 That Help You Saving Money

The following is a guest post by Alexander from Daytradingz.

How much money do you use to spend on all the things that you like to do when you have some time off? On the average, all households in the United States spend about 4% of their income on entertainment.

In the very first moment, this doesn't seem to be much at all. But all the same, if you believe it or not, when you reduce the amount of money that you spend for all kinds of activities in your spare time, the long-term effect of this change can make little miracles happen.

For example, you will see this if you may decide to use this money for your retirement fund. Luckily, there will be no reason to worry if you will make this smart move as you won't have to miss anything and as you can still have a lot of fun when you have some time off.

Go Out to Take Pictures

If you take your camera with you to explore the peaceful scenery in nature or specific parts of a city, you will walk much more slowly. By searching for the right place for the perfect picture, all suddenly you may discover amazing details that you had never noticed before.

This activity requires your creativity while you are taking deep breaths of fresh air. When you use a digital camera, you won't have to pay anything for your pictures.

Afterward, the final editing of your pictures with the computer may be a perfect task for a rainy weekend. Use your very best pictures for a personal calendar or for a photo-book that may be an extraordinary gift for your loved ones.

Nowadays it is really not necessary to have a highly advanced and expensive camera. Even with an existing smartphone, you may take great and impressing pictures and you will have amazingly much fun with them.

Solve Puzzles

Also puzzles belong to the most popular weekend activities. All the same, if you prefer crossword puzzles, a Sudoku or something completely different – just have fun with your favorite kind of puzzles!

In the internet you will find a giant variety of free offers to use all alone, with your family or with your friends. In addition to all the fun that you will have, you will feel happy and proud when you will have solved the puzzle.

But above all, solving puzzles belongs to the very best and most effective kinds of exercises for your brain.

Cooking

You have to prepare food anyway, so why not make it a hobby? Gradually you will acquire a repertoire of recipes of favorite dishes, or you might just try something new, preferably of course something tasty, healthy and inexpensive.

As for a dish you know how to prepare really well, you might invite your friends to share it, with a few candles providing a lovely setting for the evening.

The whole affair costs you only a fraction of what a restaurant or pub visit would cost, and you can put on your favorite music as well.

And after eating, you can watch an enjoyable movie or the newest video clips on YouTube together.

Visit Festivals and Markets in the City

Have you ever noticed how many festivals and markets of every different kind they use to organize in the cities, especially in summer?

For most of them you don't have to pay any entry fee. In any case, these festivals and markets will offer you much more than a simple walk through the city ever will.

Do you like live-music, art, crafts or international food? You will have an amazingly big choice of events to find the ones that will be most attracting for you.

Conclusion

The greatest and most exciting activities for your time off during the weekends don't have to be expensive at all. The well-known sentence that the best things in life are for free is still and always true.

You only have to face the challenge to find out how to gain the maximum of fun and joy without spending much money at all.

And things will even get better if in the end you will still have a few dollars left to invest them in your future. Doesn't this sound like the perfect solution?

Three Reasons to Love and Hate a 15-Year Mortgage

The following is a guest post from Stephen from The Fire Lane.

Interest rates are rising.

At the end of 2018, it is still a good time to refinance for many. Nobody can predict the future, however, it's easy to visualize 6%+ mortgage rates in a couple of years.

If you are on the fence about a new home purchase, locking in a low rate now could save you thousands of dollars.

Wherever you are in your home ownership journey, there may be a lesson in our recent home purchase and the decision that we made.

Our Story

In the fall of 2016, we took out a $287,500 loan on our new home. My wife and I weighed our loan options. Choosing between a 15-year mortgage at 2.75% or a 30-year mortgage at 3.4%.
Ultimately, we decided on a 15-year fixed loan.

Our mortgage with an interest rate of 2.75% carries a principal and interest payment of $1,951.04 per month. We'll make 180 payments overall.

We've been making payments on this loan for 2 years and have had ample opportunity to reflect on our mortgage decision. There are a few things about our 15-year mortgage that we love and also a few things that we hate.

If you are considering a new mortgage consider these points as you are making the decision between a 15-year and the more standard 30-year mortgage.

What We Hate

1. The payment amount.

In 2018, our take-home income is $9,990 per month and our gross income is approximately $12,500 per month. Housing is a large portion of our spending.

The old-school rule of thumb for mortgages is to not spend more than 28% of your gross monthly income. This rule gives us a cap of $3,500.

With our $1,951.04 mortgage payment, we also consider the $830 we pay each month in property taxes and the $190 per month we spend on property insurance. Our total home payments of $3,000 are just shy of that 28% rule.

Our percentage is 24%.

A 30-year mortgage financed at 3.4% would have cost us $675 less each month. These savings would provide a much easier to budget 18.5% mortgage spending.

2. A 15-year mortgage is not flexible.

A job loss, a disability, loss-of-work, a death. All of these things would quickly affect income if they were to take place.

The payment on a mortgage is not flexible. The 15-year decision cannot be undone easily or quickly. It can also be tough to tap into home equity if you need it for an emergency.

For those with uncertain jobs, a shorter duration mortgage may be more desirable. You will lose some advantages to the shorter mortgage but gain the flexibility you need to keep you off the ropes in the event of an emergency.

Our jobs are relatively stable. Instead, we rely upon an emergency fund that can cover our home expenses if needed for a few months.

3. We could be achieving similar results with a 30-year mortgage we make extra payments on.

A 30-year mortgage at 3.4% would cost $675 less per month than the $1,950 we pay for our 15-year mortgage at 2.75%.

If instead, we had taken out the 30-year we could have sped up the mortgage. To do this we would have applied the $675 savings each month towards principal. Most mortgage lenders make this extremely easy to do through online payment portals. The process can be automated in most cases.

Tip: Related to the above comment on flexibility; This method will quickly allow you to reduce your monthly payment by hundreds of dollars in the event of a job loss or similar. If you need the income, just stop making the additional payment.

Making this extra payment each month reduces the mortgage payoff time to 16 years!

You'll pay the same total payment amount as the 15-year mortgage but the increased flexibility will cost you more interest which slightly increases the payoff time.

What We Love

We certainly don't hate our 15-year mortgage. These are the things that make us love the loan terms. Ultimately, they are why we decided to finance this way.

The 15-year mortgage has a place in our financial plan.

1. The amount of interest we are paying over the life of the loan.

Total interest that will be paid on my 15-year 2.75% loan will be $63,686.70.

Total interest paid on a 30-year 3.4% loan would be $171,503.08.

That's right. The numbers do a great job of speaking for themselves. A 30-year loan could easily cost 3 times the 15-year in interest fees. Who wants to make a bank rich?

As interest rates go up, which they most certainly will, these interest numbers are going to get larger.

At today's 30-year 4.76% average rate, the loan would cost you $253,029.02 in interest payments. Look at what that extra 1.36% means. How many years of additional work is that?

2. The Forced Savings which comes with a mortgage.

That same lack of flexibility stated above allows us to save in the ultimate forced savings account.

Each month we pay off the principal on our loan. If we assume a level or increasing real estate market we are increasing our equity in the home. Eventually, we should fully own an asset worth over a half million dollars.

Today we are paying $1,365 per month towards principal. That's $16,380 saved each year. But, this savings amount goes up each month as the loan amount is reduced. In 3 years we will be paying the mortgage down $17,800 per year.

On a 30-year mortgage, the amount going towards principal would be $492 per month or $5,900 per year. The 15-year mortgage allows me to save $10,000 more per year.

Tip: This can be a good tool for those that have bad self-control when it comes to tapping savings. Principal in a mortgage is illiquid and difficult to get at. It's tough to spend your home equity on a new motorcycle or other materialistic purchases.

3. We won't have a Mortgage Payment in retirement.

I believe the 30-year mortgage, as it's designed to be paid, is too long a period for anyone to reasonably consider. The average age of most first time homebuyers is 31. A 30-year mortgage has them handcuffed to the payment until the age of 61.

Our 15-year mortgage, taken out at the age of 34 will mature when I am 49.

Not having a mortgage payment allows us the flexibility to do the following:

Retire early. We'll have $2,000 less each month in required spending which reduces retirement expenses massively.

Trade down and pad our nest egg. We could sell the home and downsize to something smaller (and pay cash from proceeds). The difference in value could help add hundreds of thousands to our nest egg immediately.

Sleep better. Loans = Risk. Even if the perceived risk is small it is still there.

Did We Choose Correctly?

The loan decision is very personal. Weigh for yourself the pros and cons before accepting the standard 30-year fixed rate loan. But, do not make the decision solely on the monthly payment.

If our jobs were riskier I would have opted for the larger timeframe loan with increased payments. But for us, the positives of the 15-year mortgage outweighed those of the 30-year.

We chose correctly for our needs.

Protect your Financial Data With These 11 Simple Steps

The following is a guest post from Mike at Miked Up Blog.

I had an email stop me completely in my tracks last week… I probably receive over 100 emails a day and this is the first one I can remember that made me stop what I was doing, re-read the text twice, and then take a deep breath. The emails reason for being? "After a search of the dark web, we found your email address and [other personal information] listed in multiple locations. Your person data are at risk. You should act quickly…” (that’s paraphrased)

And if this was one of the statements that were usually followed with - “Click here to buy our awesome product and you’ll be protected!!” I wouldn’t have given this email a second thought… But, unfortunately for me, that was not the case. Immediately following the Experian breach, I searched out a credit monitoring service, made a purchase, and started taking the steps to protect my personal information.

If I hadn’t completed the steps in my list below, my personal data could be floating out all over the dark web without me even knowing about it… That’s terrifying… But do you know what’s worse? More of my data could be at risk and even though I’ve paid for a monitoring service - I still may never know.

That’s why I take it upon myself to just assume all of my personal information is exposed… At all times.

So what are we to do - live in fear? Not quite… My personal philosophy is to take all reasonable and necessary precautions available so that we can continue living life as normal - just with a nice kit of body armor around our sensitive personal information.

In order to fight against being blindsided by stolen identity or financial fraud, these are the steps I take to keep my financial life as safe as possible:

Passwords (The Brains)

1- Use a different password for every account, change passwords frequently, and set up a password manager system

This isn’t 2005 anymore and the excuse of, “I can’t remember all of those passwords!!” May sound nice when it leaves your lips - but it doesn’t do you justice when it comes to protecting your accounts.

You know those passwords that certain sites make you create…? The ones with capital letters, symbols, and more than 11 total characters? Yeah - you need to be using a unique one of those for every password that’s protecting one of your accounts.

To take it a step further, you should be changing those passwords up at least quarterly… And, if we’re being honest, probably monthly.

Is that going to get confusing? Hell yes, it will. So that’s why I keep a list of our passwords for every account in a digital place that is secure and at the same time easily accessible to my wife and I. And when I do our regular password updates, it’s a simple edit for each account - then we can move on with our day and not have to worry about remembering a thing (as long as we have the key to the list, that is).

Where you keep that list is entirely up to you. And while I’m not going to divulge all of my secrets here, I will say that there are multiple free options in addition to specific products that are paid for and can address your needs. Either way - this (detailed) Step 1 is a must-do.

2- Use passcodes for your devices

Admittedly, this may be a review for the majority of readers… Regardless - it needs to be stated: Whether your passcode is of the biometric, numerical, or linear variety, every device you use should be protected by something.

What if your phone was stolen? What would they have access to? I could ask the same question for your laptop, tablet, or just about any other device you use on a regular basis. Using a passcode may be a hassle, but it’s sacrificing minimal time from your day and providing a disproportionately high rate of return - in the form of data protection.

3- Use Two-Factor Authentication

This is something that I honestly hated when it was first rolled out by my banking apps, but given a little more time - two-factor authentication (2FA) is an effective way to add an extra layer of protection to your financial data. Rather than just requiring a password or biometric check, 2FA takes your login a step further by sending a separate code to your phone or email (for example) that then needs to be inputted in order for you to successfully log on.

And as I said, the process was clunky and time-consuming in this instant gratification world I’ve become accustomed to, however, by requiring a separate passcode that is sent to a different device or location - you are making it considerably more difficult for evil-doers to gain access to your accounts. This way, if your password is compromised, a hacker would still need to obtain this second (and independent) code to gain access.

I’d rather walk the tightrope while having the safety net in place… And once you get familiar with taking this extra step to login, there isn’t much extra effort required on your part.

Physical Security (The Muscle)

I’m not talking about bodyguards here. Although, if you’re hiring… (I know a guy)

4- Don’t do business on community wi-fi

When you’re at the coffee shop and excited that you used an excellent frugal tip to score free coffee via a coupon, don’t get complacent about keeping your financial information protected. Sure the complimentary wi-fi is convenient - but it’s also incredibly dangerous. Just like it was easy for you to gain access, it is equally easy for someone to see, use, and steal your actions over that public internet connection.

As a best practice, I do not use complimentary wi-fi connections in general. However, if you are more adventurous, you’d be wise to only perform superficial tasks over public wi-fi. Browse the internet, check Twitter, etc. And if you’re in a position where you need to send a few emails or login to an account, it’d be wise to do so using a VPN - which routes your connection through a server and hides your actions. It’s not full-proof, but it’s definitely a step in the right direction.

5- Physically secure your devices

The strategy here is akin to age-old strategies of staying alert and taking good general precautions while traveling… And basically anytime you are on the go with a device or away from the home (where your devices are), there is a good range of options to put into use to physically secure your devices. Because it’s one thing for someone to hack into your computer and access your keystrokes, it’s another for someone to just grab your device and effectively eliminate the need for sophisticated hacking.

There will eventually be a post on this topic but great general precautions are to stay organized, alert, and flexible when on the go. Meaning - don’t carry more than what you can handle with a backpack, keep your hands free, keep the cell phone in your pocket and you’re head up and eyes open, etc… Self-defense starts with a general air of, “I’m not vulnerable and I know what’s going on around me.”

When you’re away from the home, there are many different alarm or monitoring services that you could use, you could install a safe, keep devices out of plain view from windows or other points of entry, in addition to many other tactics.

You’ve probably heard that “A chain is only as strong as it’s weakest link.” Take time to examine every link of your chain then fortify the weak spots. Many small positive changes can lead to big results.

6- Shred your statements and other sensitive paperwork (that you no longer need)

You may think, “Nobody is desperate enough to go through my garbage…” But my day job in the criminal justice field will show you that there isn’t much that folks aren’t capable of. In essence, you’d be surprised what people will do to get more money.

While one document may not hold the keys to your financial castle when you piece together a bank statement with your water bill and anything from a cable provider… suddenly someone is able to start piecing together a decent picture of your sensitive personal information.

That’s why it’s always best practice to shred your old documents. Or, we’ll gather the kids around the campfire in the spring and fall, and use those old papers as kindling to get the fire started. Protecting yourself and making awesome memories - priceless.

7- Don’t give out your social security number without already having closed the deal

Let’s say you’re shopping around 4 different dealerships for a new car. And while you’re trying to decide whether to lease a new car or buy either way - the dealers are each trying to close the deal. And each time that one of those dealers ‘pulls your credit’ they’re issuing you a little ding on your report - and thereby reducing your credit score. If you’re trying to boost your credit score, that’s not a good idea.

More than just keeping your credit score in good shape, letting various merchants ‘pull your credit’ to see if you’re an attractive borrower is risky. Why? Because by giving each of those businesses your social security number, you’re just giving out the most vital number in your financial profile to more people that don’t necessarily need to see it - and, unfortunately, may not be a reliable steward of your data. Are they ‘probably reputable’? Maybe. But why risk it? I don’t

That’s why, when, “We’ll check your credit” comes up in a financial discussion - I reply with:

“My credit is excellent and you’ll have to take my word for it until we close the deal.” Then rather than spreading my SSN out to 4 different dealerships across town, I decide definitively where I’ll buy that car from and if I need to finance any portion of the vehicle - only then will I divulge my SSN. And even still, I’m pretty reluctant to give my SSN out.

Your Digital Footprint (The Discipline)

8- Consider locking your credit

If you’re someone who isn’t likely to need a new line of credit anytime soon, locking your credit is a great idea. By locking your credit, you are essentially eliminating the opportunity for some unknown individual to open a new line of credit in your name (without your knowledge or blessing).

After the Experian breach, I took to locking my credit for 3 main reasons:

• I was concerned that my data were vulnerable
• Locking my credit wouldn’t allow anyone to open any accounts in my name because my credit was - “locked"
• I would be notified if anyone tried to open a new account or line of credit in my name

It’s a great way to get ahead of a financial sinkhole. While locking your credit alone won’t completely prevent your financial information from being compromised, it’s a great way to prevent you from ending up with a mountain of debt and unknown financial ruin.

9- Save a little for the imagination on the social media profile(s)

You know all those “security questions” that your financial institutions make you answer when setting up accounts these days… Mother’s maiden name - Best friend in high school - Street you grew up on, etc.

Well, if you’re one of the types who don’t mind sharing anything and everything via your social media profiles, the security question piece will be one part of the puzzle your neighborhood friendly hacker won’t have to work too hard for. So leave a little for the imagination and try to dial back the information shared via social.

10- Be cynical about incoming email

It’s not just a rogue link you shouldn’t click or an attachment that is better left unopened - both from some strange and unknown email address. No. These day’s there are emails coming from senders that appear to be familiar or at least someone who may reasonably send you an email once in a while. For those seemingly familiar senders, you may click a link or open an attachment without a second thought.

However, hackers have the ability to impersonate or “spoof” an email address to show the recipient that an email is coming from a fake origin (e.g. your local bank, alma mater, or a buddy you haven’t heard from in a while).

A great way to get around this issue is to either call the person to verify the email is legitimate or, rather than clicking on the link, retyping the link into your web browser. This way, you ensure the link will take you to the location you intend it to.

11- Regularly monitor your accounts and credit report

This practice has become part of my morning ritual for the last few years. I’ll wake up, check our accounts to verify there are no charges I don’t recognize, use the free credit report checker that my lender has, and then go on about my day.

If there is a transaction I don’t recognize or an issue that comes up, I’ll investigate, get it resolved, then head out for my morning workout.

It’s a quick 3 minutes to give our finances a general checkup, and I don’t know about you but I prefer to have the peace of mind rather than to find out something went wrong last month when I finally get the statement in my inbox.

What about you? Are there regular tactics you use to safeguard your financial information that I didn’t list or do you use some of the tactics I’ve mentioned here? Let us know in the comments below and we’ll keep the discussion moving!

Why Real Estate Crowdfunding May Make Sense for Your Portfolio

The following is a sponsored post from EquityMultiple.

Maybe you’ve heard of “real estate crowdfunding” and associate the term with Kickstarter and GoFundMe (and investments that don’t inspire much confidence). Perhaps you’re unclear on how the concept differs from REITs. Or, perhaps, you haven’t heard of real estate crowdfunding at all.

Real estate crowdfunding - an evolving set of online platforms for direct, private real estate investment - has emerged as a new alternative asset class, and viable means for individual investors to access private real estate on a level that was unavailable even 5 years ago.

Let’s take a step back and review why real estate is an appealing asset class, and worth taking a look at for all individual investors already exposed to the stock market and bonds:

• Strong Historical Returns: In the years between 2000 and 2015, real estate as a whole beat the S&P 500 by 200 basis points, and well-managed assets in burgeoning markets can consistently generate attractive yield.
• Less Volatility: Because real estate values are driven less by investor sentiment and the news cycle, the asset class tends to exhibit fewer dramatic swings than the stock market. Particularly in times when geopolitical factors or other exogenous variables may influence public equities markets, private real estate can provide downside protection and reduce overall exposure to risk
• Uncorrelated Returns: Real estate, like other asset classes, is impacted by macroeconomic factors. However, because real estate markets are driven by demographic trends, and real estate asset performance is driven by inherent value and management quality, real estate returns do not move in lock-step with public equities markets
• Tangibility: Related to the first two points – real estate assets are essential to society in a way that other assets are not: humans will always need places to live, work, and congregate.

Why Real Estate Crowdfunding

Unlike REITs, which have been around since the late ‘60s and are publicly traded, ‘real estate crowdfunding’ offers private-market investments in distinct properties. Because these investments are illiquid, with yield derived from the quality of the underlying asset and management, they tend to correlate far less with the stock market as compared with REITs. It’s been shown that portfolios substantially allocated to private-market alternatives (like real estate crowdfunding) tend to perform better over time.

Ownership of property - the other traditional means of investing in real estate - does offer de-correlation from public markets, and the opportunity to realize sizable yield through shrewd management. However, owning your own rental property is far from passive - indeed, managing real estate can quickly become a full-time job, especially as you consider multi-tenant commercial property.

Real estate crowdfunding, conversely, allows you to passively invest alongside established real estate firms, benefiting from the experience and scale of the firms you co-invest with. And, because investment-level minimums are typically as low as $5k, you can assume less risk and diversify across markets, property types and risk/return profiles.

Put it this way: if you have $100k to invest, you could put it entirely into a downpayment on a rental home, and deal with management of the property and tenants over time. With real estate crowdfunding, you could instead invest passively in 10 different commercial real estate projects across the country, and save yourself a ton of time and many headaches.

Keep in mind, however, that not all real estate crowdfunding platforms are created equal...

What EquityMultiple Offers

As the name implies, EquityMultiple does offer common equity investments, in the realm of ‘equity real estate crowdfunding platforms’. However, EquityMultiple provides a few unique features:

• Commercial Debt & Preferred Equity: In addition to equity investments, EquityMultiple offers senior debt investments (similar to the first model, as described above, but secured by first lien on a commercial property) that target a 7-12% annual rate to investors over a 6-24 month term. Preferred equity offers a hybrid between debt and common equity: pref. equity investors are entitled to repayment before the equity holders and Sponsor are paid, but can participate in the deal’s target upside. EquityMultiple’s preferred equity investments target a 7-12% current and 10-14% total preferred return.
• Institutional Commercial Focus: EquityMultiple enables individual investors to access professionally-managed properties across markets and asset classes, with minimums as low as $5k per deal.
• In-House Diligence: While some platforms operate as laissez-faire posting marketplaces - allowing Sponsors to post deals and attract investors with little in between - EquityMultiple practices rigorous in-house vetting of deals and deal originators, ultimately selecting fewer than 8% of the potential investments we see.
• Transparency & Customer Service: Online platforms create new efficiencies and improve access, but can’t change the fact that investing remains a fundamentally human and trust-centric process. To that end, we provide robust reporting, frequent asset management updates, transparent and thorough offering prospectuses, and we’re always available to pick up the phone. In the long run, the platforms that win high marks from investors won’t be those that hit home runs 100% of the time (over a long enough time frame, no platform will pull that off).

Your Car Payment Can Delay Your Retirement By 14 Years

The following is a guest post from The Finance Twins.

A CNBC headline from earlier this year touted that the average car payment in the U.S. is now a staggering $523. It says the average total amount borrowed is a whopping $31,453. Both are record highs.

At the same time, there are also a record high number of people who are unable to make a $400 payment in case of an emergency. If so many people are living paycheck to paycheck, but the average car payment is $523, then clearly there is a huge problem.

America has a new-car addiction, and the problem is only getting worse.

Everyone wants a *new* car.

The cost of a new car is much higher than simply $523. But it doesn’t make sense. Growing up, my mom drove a 1997 Ford Escort station wagon for 15 years. That car took our family on the road from Florida to Minnesota to New York City. It took the transmission failing for her to give the car up in 2012. It has nearly 200,000 miles on it. All with her behind the wheel.

If a car built in 1997 lasted for 15 years without any major problems, I would think that a car built 20 years later would only be more safe and reliable. Yes, there are now more digital enhancements and less analog parts, but surely there have been engine and quality improvements in that time.

One reason for the increase in price is that everyone not only wants a new car, but they want a bigger car. Crossover cars, which are essentially mini SUVs, are booming. The days of wanting a small sedan with great gas mileage has shifted to hoards of consumers opting for a larger car with more space. With the increase in traffic and congestion, perhaps consumers are looking for a more comfortable commute to work. I’d rather have a comfortable retirement.

The increase in purchases of hybrid and electric vehicles may also be driving prices upward since those newer technologies are not cheap. But the all-in cost of a $523 payment might be higher than you realize.

The true cost of the $523 car payment.

Paying $523 a month for a vehicle seems a lot for the average car payment. Take into account the fact that the average household owns 2 vehicles, and that figure jumps to $1,043! But I am not here to tell you that driving a car is a bad idea. Having lived in both central Minnesota and NYC, I understand that a vehicle is a critical part of everyday life in the majority of the country.

But let’s put that $1,043 of monthly auto payments into context. On an annual basis this totals $12,516. Over a 5 year period this adds up to $62,580. The numbers are starting to get very ugly. This doesn’t even take into account the fact that your new car has higher insurance premiums. A higher end car may also require higher octane (a.k.a more expensive) gasoline.

A double whammy.

Keep in mind that this isn’t for a Mercedes or a Range Rover. This is the average monthly car payment for the people in the U.S. But would getting a used auto really make that much of a difference? The numbers will shock you.

Add in the fact that money is a leading cause of stress and anxiety and the average car payment starts to make even less sense. Don’t forget to take care of your health. Few things are more important. Especially not driving sexy cars.

What A Used Car Would Cost You

The good news is that you don’t have to cram your family into a 2002 Mazda Miata to have a more reasonable payment. A quick search on a major auto price comparison led me to a 2014 Honda CR-V, which is one of the most popular crossover SUVs in the market.

At a price tag of $19,498, it’s not cheap, but the monthly payment of $276 is nearly half of the U.S. average. It’s possible to go much cheaper, but this is a reasonable choice for this comparison.

If you had two of these cars, your total monthly auto payments would be $552. Over a year, you’d be paying $6,624 for both cars combined. Again, this doesn’t even consider that you’d have lower insurance premiums and potentially lower gas payments at the pump.

Spread over 5 years, you’d be paying a total of $33,120, which is still a pretty penny. However, the real savings kick in if you decide to keep the car for an extended period of time without trading it in for a newer car. The same applies if you switch from leasing to buying.

If you keep the used car for 10 years, you’ll essentially pay the car off after a standard 5 year repayment period, for a total of $33,120, and then have 5 year with no payments. However, if you bounce from car to car, constantly keeping a $523 payment, you’ll pay $125,520 for both expensive cars combined over a 10 year period. And remember, that is for an average car payment.

Do that for 20 years and you’ve paid a quarter of a million dollars for a depreciating asset.

If you have your sights set on financial independence, then the expensive car payment is holding you back. Way back. So let’s compare how much wealth you are losing by making the “average” car payment.

How Much Longer Do You Have To Work To Keep The Nicer Car?

For our comparison, let’s choose a 20 year period. Let’s assume that you have two options, to keep things simple and easy to compare. Option 1 is to buy two used Honda CRV’s every 10 years, for total out of pocket expenses of $66,240. Option 2 is to always make an average car payment of $523 for two autos for 20 years, for total out of pocket expenses of $251,040.

Let’s make a table comparing the cash outflows. The first column shows Option 1. Column 2 shows Option 2. Easy enough. However, column 3 is where the magic happens.

Column 3 shows how much money you’d save if you went with Option 1 and invested the difference at an annual return of 4%, which is a reasonable (if not conservative) annual return on your money.

Remember, that the easiest way to invest is via passive index funds. They are great for 401k investments or IRAs. If you don’t know what is an IRA, make sure you learn.

The results are staggering. This says that even AFTER making the $66,240 payments for the used Hondas, you would still have saved a whopping $265,510! In other words, a monthly payment of $276 for 2 cars will save you enough money compared to the average car payment, that you’d have an EXTRA $265,510 in investments after 20 years.

At the median household salary of nearly $60,000 (let’s assume a generous 30% savings rate) this means that you’ll have to work an extra an extra 14 years to retire with the same amount of money, all things equal!

Would you rather retire at 51 or 65? I know what my answer is. You can use this easy retirement calculator to see how much you should be saving monthly.

Maybe, that “average” car isn’t worth it after all.

Five Things You Should Know about High Frequency Trading

The following is a guest post from Alexander. He started his career in the financial business back in 1999. For many years, sharing investment ideas with his readers on his website daytradingz.com is an important part of his life.

High-frequency trading describes the practice to submit thousands of orders per second. The aim is to profitably benefit from even the smallest price changes within this short period. With fiber optic cables and increasingly sophisticated programs, the advantage of this practice lies in its incredible speed.

Since the emergence of high-frequency trading, it has kept the stock market afloat, causing millions upon millions of orders - per minute! Most of these orders are ultimately not executed because HFT-Traders are looking for short-term arbitrage only.

In the past, it was common practice for investors to make arbitrage trades by exploiting the price differences between individual stock exchanges. Nowadays, this trading practice and its potential profits must be left to the high-frequency traders with the best high-end trading computers.

Arbitrage profits can no longer be achieved with manual order entry. High-frequency trading now constitutes for a large part of the trading volume in some market segments.

Algo-trading is not the same as high-frequency trading

Frequently, the terms algo-trading and high-frequency trading are used as synonyms. However, this is not correct.

While "algo-trading" describes the practice of computer-aided and partially computer-controlled orders in general, the term "high-frequency trading" explicitly refers to such computer-based trading practices where speed is at the forefront as well as strategic.

The fastest lines are installed, and the best possible proximity to the exchanges is sought (shorter line = faster transmission). Additionally, the programs are structured in such a way that they minimize the need for human intervention to an absolute minimum.

High-frequency trading is literally about milliseconds! This incredible speed, in which orders can be made in large numbers, allows the pursuit of very diverse market strategies, such as profits through arbitrage, where speed is everything.

Controversial high-frequency trading

However, high-frequency trading does not only show positive market developments. In fact, for the following reasons it is very controversial:

1. More volatility - The sheer volume of orders within a short period significantly highlights the price volatility.
2. Lower Real-Economic Price-fixing - Measured by the fact that a large number of high-frequency traders pursues strategies that are more likely to use mathematical benchmarks, i.e., often have little or nothing to do with real economic considerations, prices are mainly strategically influenced.
3. Terrified investors - Investors who want to commit themselves to a company in the long term are scared by excessive volatility. Day traders don’t like HFT-Algorithms, because there is a lot of cheating and hiding going on in the order-book.
4. Small investors have the disadvantage - small investors have to endure significant competitive disadvantages in many places. Until their individually entered orders are transmitted to the exchange, they usually have many high-frequency orders pending before them. In that time, traded stocks can change, and potential profits melt together. Even stop-loss limit orders do not prevent this disadvantage because they are not a high priority in processing and they will be queued at the end of the order book.
5. Doors are open for manipulations - with millions of orders within the shortest possible time and a huge lever, the manipulation possibilities are obvious. High-frequency traders can significantly influence even the prices of entire stock indexes. The temptation is high to push prices in certain directions to provoke certain market reactions and then capitalize on them. The Flash Crash on May 6, 2010, clearly demonstrated the far-reaching effects High-Frequency Trading can have on market developments.

The challenges and the future of HFT

To master all of this has become more of a wish. One of the main reasons is because the stock market is so strongly internationalized that the various jurisdictions legally complicate effective supervision. Regulations are confronted with a global armada of supercomputers.

While the computers generate millions of transactions per day, the respective auditor has to look at the trading transactions individually or even fall back on computer-aided verification procedures. It is a game of cat and mouse.

High-frequency trading will not decline. On the contrary. It will continue to increase and become a natural part of life for investors. And private investors now also have the opportunity to benefit from algorithm-controlled trading strategy development and order execution.

Unlike institutional investors, private investors will never have the advantages of the server location, but they will catch up and benefit from technological progress.

Conclusion

The computer protected digitalization of stock exchange has created a foundation for further innovations. Good ones and bad ones. On the one hand, the potential for human error has been minimized, and liquidity has significantly increased.

On the other hand, a regulative hard-to-tame Hydra in the form of high-frequency trading has been created, turning an actual secondary market into an insatiable impulse generator with high potential, as the Flash Crash of 2010 has already shown.

In financial movies and financial documentaries such as the YouTube production "The Wall Street Code", you can see down to the last detail the power of high-frequency trading and the challenges it poses.

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Just Get a Will!

Here's my annual public service reminder that we all need a will!

If you don't have one and pass away, here's what happens. Summary: it's not good.

For reference, here are some past posts on the subject:

• You Need a Will 
• Four Documents You'll Need as Part of Your Estate Plan 
• Proof that You Need a Will (And What to Do About It) 

Average Debt by Age

Here's a list of average debt by age in the U.S.:

Under 35: $67,400
35–44: $133,100
45–54: $134,600
55–64: $108,300
65–74: $66,000
75 and up: $34,500

It includes mortgages, student loans, etc.

I'm thinking it's a lot better than I would have guessed. Maybe the average is lowered by a bunch of people on the low-end with zero debt?

What do you think?

Two Ways to Improve Your Retirement Savings

CNBC lists two ways to improve your retirement savings as follows:

Two steps — delaying retirement until 67 and putting away at least 6 percent of your salary — can make a huge difference, according to new research from Morningstar.

Here's why these are such good moves:

Just those two actions could boost the chances that American households will have what they need in their golden years to 71.2 percent from 25.6 percent.

This article is a commentary on both the U.S. mainstream media as well as the financial intelligence of the average American.

For the media, this article was enough to get published despite being Personal Finance 01. Yep, that's right, I won't even call it Personal Finance 101 -- it's so basic.

As for the average American, why isn't he already saving 6% of his income? If he was doing even more he could retire well before 67.

It's just another post that says to me how far behind so many are in a basic area of life -- managing their money with success.

Ugh.

Three Mental Models for Personal Finance

The following is a guest post from The Master Dukes of Dollars. The two bloggers held court frequently, delving into lifestyle and personal finance discussions as they searched for ways to live an optimal life, eventually deciding to invite a global audience into their mindsets by establishing their own blog together. They believe anyone can build their financial kingdom – start building today!

In our adventure through life, we are constantly making decisions. In fact - a study was done that left me flabbergasted. I mean, who would have thought on an average day, adults make an estimated 35,000 decisions every day!!

Make Independent Decisions Through Rational Thinking

Now many of these decisions are on things that have little consequence, where our habits take over and only a small amount of energy is expended when making them. It's easy for me to decide whether or not my coffee mug will be within reach during breakfast each day - it always is!

But life isn't always so easy, and with the short-cuts we've developed as humans to tackle the onslaught of decisions each day, it is in our best interest to take big decisions heavily! That's where rational thinking comes in. Rational thinking is our ability to draw unbiased conclusions by using logic, rules, and data to justify them.

By utilizing this process, you are able to handle life's tough decisions and we sincerely believe that there's power in doing so. Why? Because we have subconscious biases that go into every decision made. Add a few mental models all happening at once - generalization fallacies, headline nostalgia or emotional responses - you have a lollapalooza effect leading to actions (or beliefs) that may not be beneficial to you!

Want a few examples of news being emotionally charged? Check out Joshua Kennon's article on statistics.

With rational thinking in mind, a new concept can be introduced to help how we make better decisions - Mental Models!

What are Mental Models?

Mental Models are your toolbox for making decisions! Here's a quick video to give a quick overview.

To summarize mental models:

• Big ideas from cross-disciplinary sources (psychology, engineering, etc.)
• Applied in various disciplines to help understand the world
• When many 4-5 of these mental models all affect one situation, we call it a lollapalooza!

Where Did Mental Models Come From?

Mental models were made famous by Warren Buffet's partner in crime, Charlie Munger. He gave a speech on cognitive biases and how they can influence decision making, even on those who are experts on leadership or physics.

Further, he mentions them throughout a talk he gave to graduates of USC. Charlie believes understanding the world from this broad perspective gives you opportunity to make fast, smart, and reliable decisions - sometimes even finding answers quicker than those who specialize in their field. Which of course can be a very dangerous tool, in other words, use your rational thinking wisely.

Charlie has said because of these mental models and the latticework of them entangled within his brain, he has been awarded with great success in investing and business. He says one can never underestimate the power of incentives, ignore the potential second order effects of decisions or forget the self-bias (story below) each one of us tangles with in our daily decisions.

Learning new mental models is a life-long journey; but that shouldn’t cause any stress, because those who are successful also happen to be life-long learners!

A Mental Model Story...

Account for self-serving bias of others, and use it in persuasion - quote from Charlie Munger's Speech to UCC Graduates in 2007:

"I watched the brilliant Harvard Law School trained general counsel of Salomon lose his career, and what he did was when the CEO became aware that some underling had done something wrong, the general counsel said, “Gee, we don’t have any legal duty to report this but I think it’s what we should do it’s our moral duty.”

Of course, the general counsel was totally correct but of course it didn’t work; it was a very unpleasant thing for the CEO to do and he put it off and put it off and of course everything eroded into a major scandal and down went the CEO and the general counsel with him.

The correct answer in situations like that was given by Ben Franklin, he said, “If you want to persuade, appeal to interest not to reason.” The self-serving bias is so extreme. If the general counsel had said, “Look this is going to erupt, it’s something that will destroy you, take away your money, take away your status…it’s a perfect disaster,” it would have worked!

This story shows the power of using mental models in your life, because sometimes it can be detrimental to your career if you don't!"

Three Mental Models to Heed in Personal Finance

1. Compounding: Amount = (Principle)(interest^(rate of interest*time in years)

• Ideas, money, relationships can grow exponentially through compounding!
• Using the mental model of compound interest in your investments can lead to huge retirement results, the most important factory? Time! Start early!

2. Confirmation Bias: Reading, researching, and reflecting only on information that confirms pre-existing beliefs or ideas

• If you only reading articles or evidence that go with your thinking such as investing in index funds, you lose the opportunity in other options that may come up in the future!
• Learn from the various ideas and situations in personal finance, which then help you solidify or change your own beliefs!

3. Association: Humans associate feelings to intangible objects

• When diamond rings are mentioned, one thinks of expensive and long lasting, flawless gems, marriage, and love. This was purposely done by the diamond industry marketing campaigns to drive sales.
• Consumerism in the USA has associated spending with happiness, and as others in the community know - this just isn't the case. Keep this in mind the next time you’re on Amazon or taking a trip to Target!

These three are just the tip of the mental model iceberg. The more you learn, the better they can be utilized as you accelerate your path to freedom.

Concluding Thoughts

Personal finance and rational thinking go hand in hand. Mental models help you drive better decisions in your career and life, which lead to compounding results (see what I did there?)! Saving high percentages of income is much easier when your level of income continuously increases! Bosses and businesses love rational thinking, and by taking advantage of mental models – you can become the employee they love because of it!

First time hearing about mental models? That's quite alright. Start conquering them today!

If you are interested in reading more about mental models, we recommend two resources:

• Joshua Kennon's Mental Models 
• Mental Model Dictionary 

 

Best Retirement Cities

Here's a list of the 50 best retirement cities from Business Insider:

The top ten:

10. Las Vegas
9. Austin
8. Denver
7. Honolulu
6. Salt Lake City
5. Atlanta
4. Scottsdale
3. Miami
2. Tampa
1. Orlando

A few thoughts from me:

• The Florida cities did so well because they have no state income tax, great weather, and lots to do.
• Denver is awesome, though I like Colorado Springs better. It's an hour away from Denver in case you want to go there but the traffic is about 1/100th as bad.
• I'm surprised that Honolulu made it. It looks like the only high-cost city on the list. Obviously it has a lot going for it, but I'm surprised it overcame the cost-factor.

If you were advocating for a "best place to retire", what city would you add to the list?

How Much the Average Couple Will Spend on Healthcare in Retirement

CNN Money has this to say about healthcare spending in retirement:

The average couple retiring today at age 65 will need $280,000 to cover health care and medical costs in retirement, according to an annual estimate by Fidelity, released Thursday.

A few thoughts from me:

• This is from 65 on. I still have over a decade before I get there.
• If I could give someone $280k and know that all my and my wife's healthcare was taken care of from 65 until I died, I would do it. It's the uncertainty that's a killer. That it could be $280k or could be $1 million.
• Many early retirees have to scramble for healthcare coverage. Here's what we did.
• The #1 concern of millionaires at retirement is paying for healthcare. If they are worried about it, what chance do most others have of making it work?

What do you think? Do you have any thoughts on healthcare in retirement?

Paint Your House Door Black, Earn $6k

Here's a post that says if you paint your house door black, your home's value will increase by $6k:

Zillow released an analysis Wednesday after examining some 135,000 photos from listings across the U.S. since 2010. Zillow found that on average, houses with black or charcoal gray front doors sold for as much as $6,271 more than expected.

And there's more:

It may sound emo, but painting your front door black is actually a tried-and-true way of increasing home value. According to Realtor.com, a black door gives buyers the impression that your house is a serious, stately and safe choice. It’s so popular that two of Sherwin-Williams’ top 50 paint colors fit the bill: Peppercorn and Tricorn Black.

Before you go all dark on me, I'm not sure this really works.

It's probably true that homes with black doors sell for more, but is it because they magically are worth more or is it simply because homes with black doors are more valuable, in fast-growing areas, or whatever.

I'm betting it's the latter.

Millions of Americans Will Never Retire

Here's a piece that says millions of Americans think they will never retire. The details:

A majority of Americans don’t know how much money they need to save for retirement, while 19 million Americans don’t think they will retire at all.

Ok, so this is two different issues:

• One group doesn't know how much they need to save for retirement. That's an easy fix. Here's a post on the three steps to your retirement number. See step #1.
• As for the ones who don't think they will retire at all, I'm wondering if they've worked out the numbers or if they are just guessing. It's not clear, but I would suspect that it's the former. They have just a "feeling" that they will never retire, but it's probably not based on anything solid.

It's really no surprise to me that 1) most haven't done their homework and 2) many think they'll never retire. It may actually be a larger number than 19 million.

It's pretty sad since saving for retirement is fairly easy. But it does take will power, something many Americans are short on.

How Much Does the Average Side Hustler Earn?

Bankrate tells us that the average side hustler earns $8k per year. The details:

Side hustlers make $686 per month, on average. Within a year, it’s possible to earn more than $8,200. Those who work a second job at least once per month earn an average of $836 on a monthly basis.

Most survey respondents (59 percent) say they consider the money they earn from their side job to be disposable income. And 38 percent say they use their extra funds to cover ordinary living expenses.

A few thoughts here:

• $8k extra a year is nothing to sneeze at. If that could be bumped up a bit, it could enable a person to retire in 10 years or less.
• Having a side hustle can make a huge difference in when you can retire. Just run the calculator and see what it works out to with and without a side hustle.
• If you're wondering about starting a side hustle but don't know where to begin, here are some ideas worth considering.

Do you have a side hustle? Why or why not?

Should You Downsize in Retirement?

Here's a piece asking if you should downsize in retirement. 

It goes through a discussion of the pros and cons of going from a large house to a smaller one in retirement.

We are having this discussion in our home. We have a large, 3,700 square foot house that is too big for four people, much less two (the kids aren't fully out yet, but both are close).

So we've been batting around whether to stay put or sell and downsize.

For now we've decided to stay put until we see where the kids land. If they remain in our town we'll probably stay in our home since the market is white hot and while we could make good money selling our home, we'd have trouble finding a place we'd like (size, location, etc.) at a reasonable price.

We've also talked about moving to an apartment, which would give us more travel flexibility (not having to worry about a stand-alone house) but we're not sure we could deal easily with close neighbors.

Here are some of the other issues we've been considering:

• Obviously when you downsize a lot of your life becomes easier. There's not as much to clean and maintain. There's not as much yard to mow or driveway to shovel (moving to an apartment or condo would eliminate these completely). A lot of the hassles with owning a large home would go away.
• So would a lot of the costs. Maintenance. Taxes. Insurance. Utilities. All would decline sharply or disappear completely.
• That said, a house gives you a lot of freedom. You can change it how you want. You have privacy. Your neighbors, while still close to you, are not attached to your dwelling physically. You can select from neighborhoods you prefer (limited a bit with apartments).
• You also have plenty of space. You can have friends or family come and visit and there's plenty of room for all. Right now our basement has a bedroom, full bath, small mini-kitchen, small living room, and an entertainment room. It's perfect for guests as they have their own place to stay when visiting us.
• In addition to what sort of place to live in, we'd need to decide where to live. We love Colorado, but if our kids were far away, we'd probably want to live closer. And while I've pretty much eliminated the option, buying a place in the Caribbean still comes to mind now and then.

Those are our random thoughts on downsizing in retirement. What do you think about them? And what about your own retirement? Have you downsized in retirement or are you planning to when you do retire?

Long Game - Save Money and Win Some While You’re At It

Putting money into a savings account...that’s pretty boring. Going to Vegas and winning at the blackjack table...now that’s a rush! Unfortunately, gambling at the casino is eventual financial suicide and we all know it...so it’s best to just stay away from the tables.

But what if you could meet your savings goals, and then by doing so, you’d actually have a chance at winning games with cash prizes?? Believe it or not, it’s absolutely possible with a new start-up called, “‘Long Game”.

A new start-up out of San Francisco, Long Game is one of the first apps that actually makes saving fun. Sure, Mint can help you track your money, and Digit gets you to put a few pennies into savings here and there, but admit it, your life is still pretty dull even with these technological advances in your financial life.

You need to grow up you know it. It’s time to build up a savings account for your unknown future emergencies and your upcoming large purchases. Not a few pennies, not even a few dollars....tens of thousands of dollars.

Long Game is key to getting you there. Let me explain how and why.

What Long Game Does For You

The process is actually pretty simple:

1. Open an account with Long Game and deposit some money, you’ll earn 0.1% - a common savings account interest rate
2. Set savings goals in the app and hit them
3. You’ll earn coins for the money you deposit and the goals you hit
4. Use those coins to enter drawings and play games to give yourself a chance at winning hundreds of dollars (and maybe even $1,000,000 according to the site)!! The more coins you submit in the drawing, the better chance you’ll have at winning.

How Is This Possible?

Sounds a little sketchy, right? I mean c’mon, how does Long Game get the money for all these prizes? You must be paying for it somehow, right?

Wrong.

The setup is actually pretty simple.

Most banks earn 3% (at least) on your money that’s sitting in the bank. They give you 0.1% to park it there, and then they lend it to someone else, which yields them much more than 0.1%.

Most banks pocket all the earnings, but Long Game found a few banks that want to help people win in life. So these banks give Long Game a portion of those 3% earnings. Long Game then sets up games for you to win and earn some of those gifted bank dollars!

It’s really pretty ingenious actually.

• You get the chance to win some decent money,
• Long Game makes a few bucks (I assume), and
• The banks get loyal customers that are flooding their accounts with money because they’re suddenly pumped about saving!

Beautiful. Simply beautiful.

The One Disadvantage and the Many Positives of Long Game

So is there a downside to Long Game? I can personally only think of one.

There are high-yield saving accounts out there that can pay you 1% or more on your money, but you know what? What’s better? Making 1% on $100 (and still being bored out of your mind and saving practically nothing each month) or getting pumped about saving money, putting thousands of dollars into your account, and truly winning with your finances? I don’t know about you, but if I were struggling to save money, I’d choose the latter...

Other Kick-Butt Reasons to Get Started With Long Game

So yeah, you could win some money through Long Game, but is that it? Is that the only draw? Nope, not even close.

• Long Game is FDIC insured, so don’t worry about your money - it’s not going anywhere.
• You get 300 free coins when you set up your account and link to your bank
• In your 1st week, get up to 3 free coins for every $1 you deposit and 40 free coins for every $1 Autosaved

This all means that you’ve got more incentive to get started with a bang, and better odds of winning prizes out of the gate.

What About You? When Will You Get Started With Long Game?

There’s really not much of a downside here. If you’re still listless with money and just can’t seem to get any of it into the bank at the end of each month, I’d say it’s time to try something new. You never know, you might just get hooked (which means that you’ll just want to save more money so that you can earn more coins to have a better shot at winning more games!) and save more money than you ever thought possible!

Sure, you might become a Long Game addict, but at least it’s an addiction that’s helping you win at your financial life!

Are you ready to get started with Long Game? Why or why not? Give us your opinion in the comments below!

Are You Financially Average?

Budgets are Sexy asks if you are financially average and shares these ten financial averages in the US:

#1. The average American gross household income is $71,258
#2. The average American household with debt owes $132,529
#3. The average American gave $5,491 to charity in 2015
#4. The average American has a FICO credit score of 700
#5. The average American’s 401(k) balance is $96,288
#6. The average personal savings rate in the U.S. is 5.5%
#7. Only 18% of Americans actively contribute to an IRA
#8. The average American’s tax refund in 2016 was $2,860.
#9. The average American pays an effective federal income tax rate of 13.5%
#10. The average American’s Social Security retirement benefit is $1,363/mo

Here are my thoughts on these:

1. I'm surprised that the income number is so high. I thought it was more like $55k. Anyway, this gives me more hope for Americans overall. With an income of $71k a year, you can certainly build wealth over time.

That said, I passed $71k in income pretty early in my career, probably five years of so out of grad school -- and that was in early 1990's dollars. Yes, earning a good salary is a great way to grow net worth. If you don't believe me, just read what millionaires have to say. 

2. We paid off our mortgage over 20 years ago and haven't looked back since.

3. We gave away 26% of our gross income over the 20 years we were building wealth. Even today in retirement we give 20% or so away per year, though we do it through assets (not income) using a donor advised fund.

We are big believers in helping others as much as we can, so giving has always been a big part of our family, as has volunteering.

4. Last time I checked, our credit scores were near 800.

5. I maxed out my 401k for many, many years and surpassed $96k a long time ago.

6. We saved 36% of our gross income. This was pretty good back in the day but many of today's early retirees make that look like slacking.

7. I contributed as much as I could to all my retirement accounts.

8. Our tax refunds had wild swings since we had so much going one every year -- especially after we bought our rental properties. I'm looking forward to the day when my tax return isn't 150 pages. (Yet another reason I use a CPA to do my taxes.)

9. My federal tax rate was way over 13.5% for many years, but one benefit of retirement is that it should be lower now. :)

10. I haven't looked at my Social Security benefits since I have a couple decades before I'll claim them. I'm not even sure they'll be around at that time (which is why I don't have any financial plans based on needing them). That said, if they are around, I should get a decent amount since I paid the max amount to Social Security for many years.

How about you? How do you stack up on these measures?

Retirement Surprises

Here's a piece listing what retirees wish they had known before they retired. The highlights:

Many retirees are surprised by the costs they faced in retirement, with health care costs leading the charge.

Thirty-seven percent of those surveyed say health care costs have been higher than expected in retirement, 45% say their total health care costs are just what they expected, and just 9% say they have been lower than expected.

About one quarter of retired investors say living expenses and taxes have been higher than expected after they retire.

Here's why they are surprised -- they don't think about retirement living costs.

I know, this should be the FIRST thing they consider before they retire -- what their retirement budget is -- but the vast majority of people don't do this.

Later on from the article:

According to the Wells Fargo survey, very few people are mapping out their retirement plans, with just 20% of those surveyed saying they have done the detailed calculations to determine how much income they will need in retirement, more than half of those surveyed (48%) are unsure or have not thought much about how much money they will need in retirement.

So they don't think about how much they will spend in retirement? No wonder they are surprised!!! Yikes!

I think most people kind of spitball it when it comes to retirement and say "I think we can make it" with little to no financial calculations to help them decide one way or the other.

I think they also don't build in margins of safety in case their spending (like that for health care) is higher than they expect.

I don't know why I'm even surprised any more...

How Much Does It Take to Be Wealthy?

Here's an interesting post from Bloomberg asking how much do you need to become wealthy?

The results:

• Millennials say you need $1.3 million to be financially comfortable and $2 million to be wealthy
• Gen X says you need $1.4 million to be financially comfortable and $2.6 million to be wealthy
• Boomers say you need $1.6 million to be financially comfortable and $2.7 million to be wealthy

Interesting how the older you get the more you think it takes to be wealthy. :)

Before you set a number, consider these net worth percentiles in the U.S.:

• 50th percentile: $97k net worth
• 75th percentile: $370k net worth
• 90th percentile: $1.2 million net worth
• 95th percentile: $2.4 million net worth
• 99th percentile: $10.4 million net worth

Now that you have those numbers, what would you say it takes to become wealthy?

I think you could argue that it takes more to be financially comfortable than to be wealthy.

For instance, $1 million makes you wealthy compared to most Americans -- only a bit over 10% have more.

But would you say you'd be financially comfortable with $1 million net worth? Maybe comfortable enough to relax a bit, but not comfortable enough to retire -- unless your spending was really low.

Anyway, what are your thoughts on the issue? What do you say it takes to be wealthy in America?

My Major FI Milestones

Gen Y Finance Guy recently listed his five major milestones of financial independence as follows:

1. Ground Zero ($0 Net Worth)
2. Six Figures ($100,000 Net Worth)
3. Double Comma Club ($1,000,000 Net Worth)
4. The Magic Zone for Max Happiness ($1,875,000 Net Worth)
5. Financial Independence ($3,000,000 Net Worth)

Here's when I hit each of these and my thoughts on them:

1. My Quicken data goes all the way back to 1994 and it shows I was at ground zero. I'm not sure if this really was the case or if I just didn't have the numbers entered into Quicken, but let's go with it.

I had been married for just three years at this point. We were learning about money and wanting to retire all of our debt, but we had two condos we had to sell (at losses) so we could buy a house (which we sold a year later for a loss.) Ugh.

2. By 1995 we had over $100k net worth, which makes me think the 1994 number of zero was simply for a lack of data.

By this time we had sold our homes, moved, bought a new house and were paying down the mortgage, and I had a nice, new job that paid me much more than I was earning previously. We were also maxing out my 401k at this time.

3. We passed $1 million in 2005 and, as they say, the first million was the hardest.

By this time I had changed jobs a couple times, survived the dot-com bust, paid off our mortgage, was earning a very good salary, and was saving a ton.

4. We hit the Magic Zone in early 2011 after fighting through the financial crisis (investing all the way down).

By this time we were actually financially independent, but I did not know it.

5. We hit $3 million in 2015 thanks to the investments we made during the crisis as well as our real estate.

From there our finances have been on a rocket ship upward and we are a hair away from the next million-dollar mark.

So, that's our path through the five milestones. Where are you on this journey?

What’s the Best Measure of Financial Success?

The following is a guest post from Aaron of Personal Finance for Beginners.

If you’ve just started to focus on your personal finances, it can be difficult to know where to start. There are many important areas of money management – debt, budgeting, saving, investing – that make it hard to decide where to prioritize your attention and how you should measure your progress.

In this post, we’ll take a look at pros and cons behind four of the most popular numbers used to evaluate your financial success:

• Credit score
• Income
• Savings rate
• Net worth

Improving any one of these metrics has the potential to improve your financial wellness – but is there one number that rules them all?

Credit score

Your credit score is a number that lenders use to measure how responsible you are with managing debt. A credit score is calculated from five major factors. The two most important factors are making your payments on time each month (payment history) and how much you owe in relation to your total available lines of credit (credit utilization).

Pros: What are the benefits of having the highest credit score possible? Having a high credit score qualifies you for the lowest interest rates available on your mortgage, auto loan, student loans, etc. You don’t need a perfect credit score, but having an “excellent score” (750+) can save you thousands of dollars in accrued interest over your lifetime.

Cons: While having a good credit score is important when you’re buying a house or applying for any other loan, its impact is fairly small in the big picture of your personal finances. A bad credit score will likely hold you back from achieving some of your financial goals far more than a good credit score will be able to help you. 

Having good credit opens the door to new financial opportunities and flexibility, but nobody is becoming wealthy or retiring from a perfect credit score alone – it’s just a tool.

Income

What individuals do you see in your mind when asked to think of people who are “rich?” When talking about the affluent in our society and culture, we aren’t always talking about those with a massive net worth – we often imagine the “big earners” like actors, musicians, or tech giant executives.

Because most of us depend on a salary for our income, getting a raise or promotion is the most common way to increase this the number. It’s not the only the way to increase your income, however. You can also take on a second job, find a side hustle that suits your interests, or start your own business.

Pros: Increasing your income allows you to reach your financial goals more quickly. A high income can give you the option to enjoy a higher quality of living, covering your “needs,” “wants,” and even a few luxuries depending on just how much you earn. You can pay down any debt, max out your investment accounts, and have cash available on hand should a good financial opportunity present itself. 

Cons: Increasing your income doesn’t guarantee financial success. Just take a look at the celebrities, professional athletes, and lottery winners who receive seven-figure paychecks – many find themselves broke and filing for bankruptcy just a few years later.

How do you adjust your finances after you get a raise? Any dollar without a purpose is likely to go to waste. Without a budget and long-term financial plan, you can find yourself struggling without financial uncertainty regardless of your income level.

Savings rate

Savings rate is likely to be the least commonly discussed financial metric of the four mentioned in this post. Your savings rate is the percentage of your take-home income that you’re contributing toward retirement.

While your savings rate may not receive the same attention as your income or net worth, it’s a popular measuring stick especially among those who are pursuing an early retirement.

Pros: For most people, the end goal of personal finance is reaching financial independence. After you reach financial independence, you may want to continue developing your career, find a different job or volunteer work that better fits your values, or transition into “play lots of golf” or “go travel the world” retirement. Regardless of your end goal, your savings rate is the best direct predictor of how long it’ll take you to pass the finish line.

Cons: Maintaining a high savings rate often depends on keeping your spending low. Even if you’re able to establish a high savings rate early in your career, it’s hard to forecast how a major life decision, such as marriage, children, or relocating to a city with a higher cost of living might cause your living expenses to skyrocket your spending and completely shift your measure of success.

Net worth

Your net worth is the sum of all of your assets minus all your liabilities. This number provides a snapshot of your financial situation at any specific point in time (as it fluctuates in real-time with any personal transactions or changes in the market). If you’ve ever wanted to be a millionaire, it’s your net worth that needs to reach a million dollars!

Pros: Your net worth offers a balanced understanding of your financial situation by considering both the positives (assets) and negatives (liabilities). Unlike the other metrics we’ve discussed, your net worth is by far the most comprehensive. Calculating your net worth requires reviewing all of your financial information in one place, which is becoming easier than ever with tools like Mint or Personal Capital.

Cons: A high net worth, just like a high income, only holds value if you know how to make it work for you. To really optimize your finances, you still need to drill down deeper to identify areas of improvement. If you have significant amounts of student loan or consumer debt, you may have a negative net worth that takes years to reach the positive. Sometimes it’s easier to focus on other financial metrics that can be improved more quickly.

Conclusion

There’s a brief overview of four major measures of financial success. Each number can have a major impact on your finances in its own right, and your interest in each metric will likely shift as your progress through your financial journey.

Here’s how I’d rank these four metrics by importance:

1. Net worth
2. Savings rate
3. Income
4. Credit score

When all is said and done, your net worth dictates when you reach financial independence. It also indicates success in the other metrics: you’ve been able to hold on to the income you’ve earned by saving money, investing toward retirement, and acquiring assets.

Do you agree that net worth is the most important measure of financial success? Why or why not?

Why I Quit Wall Street to Do What I Love

This is a guest post by Millionaire Mob, a blog focused on investing in dividend growth stocks and travel hacking. 

It was August 2011. I was freshly out of undergraduate school and about to start my first day working as an investment banker for a large bank in Chicago. I was eager, motivated and ready to do whatever it took to be the next finance king. The cover of Fortune magazine was so close. I could just see it. 

After over 6 years of the grueling gauntlet of financial modeling slavery, I realized that isn’t the way to financial success or making a difference in this world. 

Why isn’t a gauntlet of modeling and pitch decks the way of living? 

First off, it didn’t take me a long time to realize that I would never truly see the world from an open eyes perspective if I spent 14 hours a day working on a financial model or PowerPoint presentation. The paychecks are great. The ‘bonus day’ is great where you would receive 100% (or more) of your salary in the form of a bonus. 

All that came at a price including your Vice President emailing you at midnight telling you that you did everything wrong in a presentation or waking up in the morning saying that you need to recreate an entire deck because it ‘wasn’t even close to being client ready.’ Or, the culture of people bragging how much they earned and how much would be spent in one night. 

I found myself being the complete opposite. Wearing beaten down shoes to saving every dollar to pay down student loans. Or, save enough to buy a reasonable home.  

I realized this wasn’t the way to truly enjoy the life you live. We all only have one life to live. Making a difference and working with people that also want to change the world is important. 

One quote comes to mind that really summed up my experience:

“Being the richest man in the cemetery doesn’t matter to me … Going to bed at night saying we’ve done something wonderful… that’s what matters to me.”-Steve Jobs

I truly learned a lot working in investment banking. You learn several points that are invaluable and can be leveraged into new ventures such as:

• You often work with and build relationships with C-Level executives
• There is the ability to learn a number of different tasks, such as creating a model to help determine if your client should continue to open more stores in a certain location or not
• You are never hungry. Imagine eating every meal at your desk. Every meal is basically expensed and so there’s no shortage of food to go around. My stomach expanded as a result…

I knew this wasn’t sustainable. I had to find a better way, but also pay the bills. 

What is the better way forward for freedom (financially too)?

I found myself back to the drawing board. What can I do that I can make a difference AND learn at the same time? Why can’t I take my lessons learned and skills to do a greater good of providing financial expertise to others that have less experience? This lead me to becoming an entrepreneur or a multi-tasked side hustler. 

The true meaning of financial freedom (to me) is building an income to cover all of your expenses, traveling the world and learning every day. I’ve been able to keep my expenses as low as possible for travel experiences via travel hacking. This enables me to continue my path of saving and investing. 

In addition, our favorite way to secure the most optimal total return is by investing in dividend growth stocks and using all additional income to reinvest in a dividend growth portfolio. The future of work is no longer in a traditional cubicle or desk. The future of work is collaborative and shared work. The freelancer economy is growing at a rapid rate. Find ways to get involved now and start earning some side hustle income to build a better financial future. 

When you think about your next move, ask yourself is the timing right? You need to ensure that you’ve built a sustainable future and/or reliable income before making the big move. Develop a prudent plan to hit your goals and do what you love. I like to think of the 3P’s for financial freedom: Patience, Planning and Progress. Obtaining financial freedom is easy. 

1. The hard part is getting started on your plan.
2. The patience is execution of the plan. 
3. The progress is the end goal and your ultimate achievement of financial freedom. By achieving financial freedom, you are free to do what you love. 

Do what you love and love what you do

How do you find out what you ultimately want to do in life? Whatever hobbies you have in life, you can earn a living off of. For me, this is travel.

I suggest following the below steps to achieve financial freedom and ultimately live a better lifestyle:

• Stay up to-date on the latest and greatest opportunities in personal finance
• Provide prudent research and guidance to help people secure their financial future
• Find ways for people to grow their nest egg through solid investment advice without the financial incentive
• Search for the best travel experiences, so you can go out and enjoy the best things in life

By doing what you love, you put yourself in a position for success at day one. This success is enabled by unlocking your abilities with your passion. I’m a firm believer of if you love what you are doing, you should never worry about money. The money will follow. Focus on doing high-quality work that helps others. Build a source of income that enables you to unlock your true passion. 

What are you doing to achieve financial independence? Remove the ‘work’ component to your work life balance equation… by having a life. Don’t be afraid to do something crazy. 

Courage and Fire

The following is a guest post from Moose of Making Sense of Life.

There are hundreds of thousands of posts about financial independence and early retirement online. Amongst the how-tos, formulas, in-depth explanations of Roth IRA ladders, and philosophical content out there, one critical aspect of this journey is rarely mentioned: courage.

The Phases of FIRE

Courage is essential in all phases to be financially independent and retire early (FIRE). You need courage to embrace this atypical lifestyle, you need courage to sustain it, and you need courage to finally unplug from a typical working life.

Embracing Financial Independence

Why did you first pursue FI?

I guess that you felt something was amiss. The culture of over-the-top consumerism and "retire at 65" mindset did not leave you fulfilled. You knew something had to change and you sought out various resources, like MSoLife.com, to help you break out of the mold that the vast swathe of society neatly pours itself into.

My first tentative steps toward FIRE emerged out of fear. Fear of running out of money and being unable to provide for my family. I was motivated to seek a solution to my fears, but it took courage for me to turn to the principals of FIRE. I had to have faith that I could curb the horrendous financial habits I established over the course of more than a decade. When I first calculated my Money Multiple, I was horrified by the amount of money I had thrown out of the window on silly frivolities. However, on the flipside, the Money Multiple also shows you the power of compounding interest on any dollar you invest NOW. Forget the past; it is gone. Forge forward with the knowledge of what a dollar invested today is worth to you in your retirement.

The Courage to Start

Courage is mandatory when starting down the path to FI. You need courage to acknowledge that your previous habits and mentality are not sufficient to earn you the life you envision living. Turning the glaring harsh spotlight on yourself and accepting your flaws is hugely courageous and, frankly, painful. Self-reflection does not come easy, and many people avoid it for this reason. Staying in the same rut is comfortable, familiar, and requires no effort.

The commitment to change is the embodiment of courage. Not competing with the Jones' and rejecting the strong pull to have the latest shiny cars, flat screens, and luxe vacations (all financed by debt, of course) requires a commitment to higher values.

Sustaining Your FIRE Progress

Like any significant feat, it takes more than motivation to become financially independent. We overemphasize the importance of motivation and underemphasize the far less sexy side of discipline and consistency.

Just like a famous athlete didn't "come out of nowhere," your ascendency to financial independence involves years of dedication and practice. It may appear to your coworkers, friends, and family that you "suddenly" retired, but we both know the truth of the matter: it took years of embracing the suck.

How do I maintain my progress toward FIRE? I'll share a few tips that keep that fire in my belly stoked:

1. Track your finances with Personal Capital, Mint, or a spreadsheet and review your progress at least monthly if not weekly
2. Visit Rockstar Finance for daily inspiration and ideas to boost your growth toward financial independence
3. Visualize what your life is like as a retired/financially independent person; how do you spend your day, what gets you out of bed in the morning?
4. Visualize the alternative: years or decades of additional drudgery and the inability to live life to the fullest, whatever that means for you

Courage keeps you on the straight and narrow path to financial independence. You WILL experience setbacks and unexpected emergencies on your road to FIRE. It's inevitable. But courage and resilience empower you to shake yourself off and keep at it.

Unplugging From Working Life

So, what happens once you've reached your FIRE number or the amount of money you need to retire? This number is typically between 25 and 33 times your annual expenses. Do you immediately run to your boss and say you quit?

I've noticed a trend in personal finance lately called the "one more year" phenomenon. Several personal finance bloggers recently hit their FIRE numbers and decided to continue working for another year or more. Why?

One reason is that they want to make EXTRA sure that they have the resources they need well into their old age. It's understandable. It takes courage and a giant leap of faith to believe the math that led you to the point of financial independence. Hundreds of what-ifs run through your mind. What if I did the math wrong? Will I run out of money? What if we have significant health issues?

The other common reason retiring can be difficult for people is habit. They're habituated to working that 9-5 gig and being around the same people from Monday to Friday. You may not love working, but there's comfort in continuing to do so. Not having something to retire to is an issue that typically builds to this reticence to finally retire. You need to figure out what you're going to do with your newly-acquired free time or retiring early will be difficult to follow-through with and challenging to sustain.

My Limited Experience with Unplugging

When I write about personal finance, I always stick with topics I know well from first-hand experience. While I haven't retired (yet), I am currently on a mini-retirement. I'll take up to a year off to test how I respond to not having a full-time job. Will I go stir-crazy and run back to employment? So far, I think I'll take to retirement like a duck to water. Here's why; I:

• value my family/personal relationships and spending more time with friends and family
• keep busy with a rigorous gym schedule and working on my site
• continue to learn about various topics like digital marketing and data science; I'm stimulated

Regardless of whether or not you decide to test early retirement with a mini-retirement, it's normal to have apprehension around such an impactful life decision. You need courage to let go of the familiar and head off into the exciting unknown.

Conclusion

This post isn't meant as a self-congratulatory and back-patting ode to our egos. No, it's meant to highlight the fact that courage is a prerequisite to FIRE.

You will face adversity; courage is possible only in the presence of difficulty. You need bucketfuls of courage to pull off this magnificent goal, and I've highlighted where that courage is needed most. Go forth with the knowledge that FIRE is attainable. You've got this!

Is Extreme Frugality Necessary to Save for Retirement?

The following is a guest post from Michael Dinich at Your Money Geek.

Retirement takes effort, planning, and consistency. Living an extremely frugal life has never been a requirement. If you love reading financial content, you may have noticed financial experts preaching about the best ways to retire early and be set for life. Their ideas may be good in theory and may work for some, but may not work for everyone.

Extremist may make you feel as if you are behind and not worthy of your own financial goals and aspirations.

Everyone has different ideas of retirement. But the truth is, everyone has different goals for retirement. Some retirees may strive to read 60 books in 6 months and go for daily walks. Others may want to travel the world and enjoy the fruits of their labor.

Is your current lifestyle aligned with your retirement goals?

It's not so important to be extremely frugal to get to where you want to be. What’s important is that your current lifestyle is aligned with your retirement goals.

Let’s say you are 35 and your goal is to retire by 45. You make about 100k a year and you have 200k in savings. If you could pay off your home and have no bills in the next 10 years and live a very conservative lifestyle, you may be able to accomplish early retirement. However, if you plan to take a lavished vacation every other week and have homes in 3 different cities, that may not be enough to retire.

So, decide when you want to retire and the life you would like to live. Be as specific as possible and leave nothing out. Then you may want to sit down with a financial planner to help you determine if your goals are realistic with your spending and saving habits.

You may need to make a few adjustments. If you need to live a bit more frugality to get to where you want to go, that’s a decision you will have to make and feel comfortable with.

Know what is best for your lifestyle

Often you see stories on the news about a couple who quit their job and retired to be world nomads. You think, “wouldn’t that be great”. But what you don’t see, is all of the changes they had to make in their lives in order to get there. You also don’t see all the sacrifices they had to make to be financially free.

If this is how you see yourself in retirement, great! Then extreme frugality may be the way to go, but if you are comfortable with your current job and your 3.5 weeks of vacation, for now, you may need to be as extreme with your savings.

If you are a free spirit you may not enjoy penny pinching, you may just want to live your life and automate your savings. Conversely, some people really enjoy watching every penny, and strive for extreme frugality. It’ a way of life. Remember do what is best for you.

Pay yourself first and enjoy the rest

If you want to retire by a certain date then work with a financial planner to help you determine what you will need to save and invest in order to achieve this goal. Automate your savings and investing. This way you can make sure you pay yourself first. You can use the rest of your funds to enjoy your “latte money” or spend it however you would like.

This lifestyle may be easier to manage and let you feel as though there are fewer restrictions on your life.

Consider the people you surround yourself with

If all of your friends are trying to keep up with the Joneses, you may feel like you need to as well. The people you surround yourself with is crucial to your financial well-being and the accomplishment of your retirement goals.

Surround yourself with like-minded people who support you. People who enjoy doing the same things you like to do and can celebrate your financial victories.

Try not to compare

It’s easy to see the latest internet sensation telling you they paid off $200,000 of debt in 2 years by just eating ramen noodles or they made $150,000 last month by selling a how-to guide. Don’t be swept away. It is great that they were able to achieve these accomplishments but their step 20 may be your step one.

Look for an easy first step and big wins. Instead of comparing yourself to some internet sensation that may or may not is saving 70 plus percent of their money. The key to taking the first step. Cut one thing out of the budget that’s not important to you and save.

You could also consider working with a tax professional to do some tax planning to save a few thousand dollars, or review your insurance policies for the big win. As you save and keeping having “big” wins saving money will become more enjoyable. You will feel one step closer to your retirement goals.

Final note:

Do what is best for you and your retirement goals. There is not one retirement plan that will works for everyone. Establish your goals and then make it happen at your own pace.

Understanding the Basics of Equity Funds

The following is a guest post from Alexander Voigt. He started his career in the financial business back in 1999. For many years, sharing investment ideas with his readers on his website DayTradingz is an important part of his life. You can almost call it his passion.

Equity Funds

Savings accounts or call money are currently not really suitable to increase one’s own capital by interest. There are other investment opportunities much more efficient, such as equity funds.

As the name suggests, this investment consists of shares, not in individual stocks, but in a portfolio of shares of different companies. The advantage here is that the risk of loss is significantly reduced if the investment strategy is correct.

At the same time, with a correspondingly intelligent selection, there are good chances to increase the various values in the equity fund. Without any need to scan the markets for individual stocks, this makes the investment profitable.

Certainly equity funds are a means of investment that demands more attention from the investor than the well-known savings account, but then an equity fund pays off while a savings account is actually losing money.

The risks involved in different funds can also be assessed with a little knowledge of the stock market. An investor need not be a securities specialist to be able to gauge how risk and opportunity behave in an equity fund.

Safe Investments – Equity Funds

Conventional savings are usually linked to the interest rate of the respective central banks. These are not growth-oriented, which of course is politically correct. Central banks must control the amount of money in circulation, using among other things the key interest rate, which is raised or lowered depending on the situation.

In contrast, public companies are obviously growth-oriented. A small example shows the differences. In the euro zone, the base rate was 3.25% in 2000. This meant that banks on savings deposits paid maybe 4 or 5% interest.

With slight fluctuations, the key rate remained in this area until 2009. After the global economic crisis in 2008, the key interest rate fell to currently zero percent. Even with generous calculation a savings balance of 100 euros would, including compound interest, result in 40 euros interest in the best possible case after 17 years.

Assuming that the 100 euros were invested in the DAX, which with its industrial heavyweights is by no means a very dynamic equity fund, but extremely conservative in the area of equity investment. Nevertheless, the DAX achieved an average performance of just over 5% per annum over the same 17-year period.

Invested in the DAX the 100 euros would have made almost 130 euros with compound interest. Other, more dynamic equity funds are still far above that. It should be noted that the past 17 years produced particularly mixed results for the stock market.

For whom are equity funds suitable?

While day trading belongs to the most speculative approaches to make money in these days, investments in equity funds give the investors more safety. So, they are also connected with less emotional stress.

Especially people looking for an alternative investment to the usual bank products are well advised to turn to equity funds, especially when it comes to long-term investment objectives with an overall low risk.

The management of an equity fund usually follows a specific investment concept with considerable diversity, such as investment in certain industries. In this case the companies of one or more industries are rated in terms of their growth, but also in terms of their stability.

If a company meets the specified criteria, its shares are integrated into the fund. Another concept is tied to dividend stocks or specific regions, which may be a whole continent like Europe or a single state such as Japan.

Another distinguishing feature may be a focus on small or large companies. The advantage of investing in small caps, in smaller stock companies, lies in the faster performance of their stocks. Especially in recent years, funds have achieved excellent value growth with this investment concept.

For example, the best small-cap funds made gains of between 13.8% and 15.76% between 2014 and 2016. The risk can be cushioned by a wide spread. But the success of such a fund may also turn out to be a handicap.

If the fund reaches a certain size thanks to multiple investors, it may be difficult for the managers to invest the amount of money according to their own criteria. In this case what’s lacking are simply suitable public companies.

Are there high risks in equity funds?

In fact, the risks are minimal if the investor or investor avoids certain types of funds, like sector funds with a very high degree of specialization. Of course just these equity funds offer the same promise of return, but the risk is very high that the forecasts for development will not materialize. With investments in a single industry even a company getting off the rails can pull down others.

Although the stock market and in particular equity funds have shown a positive performance over decades and are thus actually ideally suited for asset accumulation, skepticism remains high. This is clearly shown by the shareholder rate, the proportion of people in a country who invest their money in shares or equity funds.

Focusing on the goal instead of the way

Of course the daily price performance is a problem when investing in equity funds. With long-term investment periods of perhaps 10, 15 or 20 years, it may well happen that the price of the fund slips below zero on some days.

But this is by no means significant for the overall development. This is demonstrated very well by the world's oldest stock index, the Dow Jones. This index of the 30 largest industrial companies in the United States records their price development since 1928.

In these almost 90 years including a world war, several stock market crashes and other economic and political difficulties, the Dow Jones index climbed from about 30% to 10,170%. If somebody had theoretically invested only 100 euros in the Dow Jones equity fund in 1928, they would have achieved a whopping 10,270 euros in 2017, mind you, without compound interest.

With compound interest, it would be an amount with 29 digits. At 10 digits one reaches a billion, at 13 digits a trillion. Of course this is just as abstract as the assumption of an investment over the course of 90 years.

But it shows a very clearly that buying stocks beat every other investment working with fixed or floating rates. Because behind stocks there are people with ideas, with experience and with knowledge, working every day to move ahead, thus advancing the stock corporation.

An equity fund is in this sense not just a mix of shares of different companies, but a representation of the employees of these companies.

Investors who are searching for a more self-managed approach may profit from reading the article Best Stock Screener. The article explains the difference between stock screeners, stock scanners and charting tools. It also presents 40+ different investment tools that are available and it tells you how to use them effectively.

Feeling Poor Despite Good Earnings

The following is a guest post from The Financial Journeyman.

Do you earn a high salary or a high combined high household income and feel like you cannot get ahead? The average household income in 2017 was $59,000 for Americans. There are many households who earn $150,000, $250,000, or much more and feel like they cannot get ahead of their spending habits.

When I hear about these households, one thing comes to mind. They do not know how to budget. The salary amount that a family earns is only part of the equation. Without having a well-planned budget as part of your financial plan, it does not matter if your household income exceeds $1,000,000.

Earnings are finite. If you spend what you earn, you will always feel poor. If you spend more than you earn, you will be poor.

Like with most topics in personal finance, there is a solution. The solution is simple, but it might not be easy. It is not easy because it will require a person to make changes to how they budget and spend. When setting up a budget, there are a few general guidelines to follow as to how much you should be spending per category.

To keep it simple, let’s examine how a household should budget a net annual income of $100,000 per year (after taxes). That would come out to $8,333 per month.

Below are some budgeting guidelines to break the feeling of not being able to get ahead:

Housing

Housing costs should not exceed 25% of your budget. That comes out to 2,083 per month. That does not mean you can take out a mortgage where the payments equal $2,083 per month. This amount must cover all your housing expenses. This amount needs to cover taxes, insurance, and miscellaneous expenses.

For those who rent, the same percentage applies. 25% needs to cover rent, renter’s insurance, deposits, or any other expenses. Rent can be almost as expensive as a mortgage in desirable neighbors. The one break that renters do get is that renters insurance is far less expensive than home owners insurance.

Housing is the largest percentage category in this template. For most people, it is normally their largest expense. If you are exceeding 25%, you might have bought too much house or are living in a neighborhood that is beyond your means. To fix this, the best option is to downsize to a home that is more suited for your earnings.

Transportation

Transportation costs should not exceed 11% of your annual salary. That comes out to $916 per month. If you live in an urban area this percentage is for public transportation. If you own one or more cars, this amount needs to cover car payments, fuel, insurance, and repairs.

Food

Your food budget should not exceed 14% of your budget. That would allow you to spend $1,166 per month on food. That is a generous amount. Even with a family of four, that amount can be reduced to $800 per month. Look for coupons. Eat out less. Use coupons when you do go to a restaurant. Buy your groceries at Aldi or other discount stores. There are plenty of ways to save money in this category.

Entertainment

Entertainment is a want and not a need. It should be capped at 5% of your budget. That would allow you to spend $416 per month on entertainment. This includes TV, internet, movies, books, ball games, nights out with friends. There are many great ways to maximize your entertainment budget. Cut the cable cord and use streaming sources. Rent books from the public library. Watch the game at home instead of paying for high price tickets. Have pot-luck dinners with friends instead of going out to eat at fancy restaurants. That 5% can be stretched a long way and provide you with a tremendous amount of fun if you manage it correctly.

Savings and Investing

Your savings rate should be at least 15% of your budget. You might think this rate is high, but this is how much you need to save if you plan on being able to have a decent quality of life in retirement and to be financially independent. 15% would equal $1,249 per month. First, create an emergency fund with 3-6 months’ worth of expenses. While you are building up your emergency fund, be sure to invest the required amount in your employer’s retirement plan to capture the matching contributions. After you have your emergency fund established, contribute this allocation of your budget to your retirement accounts (401K/IRA).

Healthcare

Healthcare costs can range between 5-10% of your household budget. That would equal $416 at 5% or $832 at 10%. The difference between 5% and 10% would be the size of your household. If you have children and are on a family plan, it would be closer to 10%. If you are in the 5% range, consider allocating the other 5% into a Health Savings Account (HAS) for future healthcare costs.

Everything Else

You have 20% left. Make it count. This is to be used to cover utilities, personal expenses, phone, charity, consumer debt, vacation fund, education fund, and whatever else you need to pay for. The good news is that you are left with $1,666 to cover these other expenses. Try to get creative and get the most for your money. Shop around for the lowest cost utilities provider as well as reducing consumption. Cut coupons and look for sales on personal items. Charity can be money, but you can also volunteer your time. Pay off consumer debt. Practice travel hacking and vacation for free. You already pay high taxes, so you might as well take advantage of the public education system. Get creative and do more with less. With some effort, you can spend far less than 20% in this category.

Conclusion

By having a budget, you know how much you should be spending and saving. Without a budget, it is easy to spend more than you earn, not have adequate savings, and fall into debt. If that is your current situation, it is easy to empathize with your feelings of not being able to get ahead even though you earn an above average salary.

The above template is a good place to start. Here is how to use it. Take all your spending and bills from last month. Add them to the categories that best matches the expenses. Calculate your household net income for the month. Measure what your percentages are compared to what is recommended. Once you see where your money is being spent, it is much easier to optimize your budget.

Every household has different and unique situations. If you find that your percentages are way out of line with what is suggested, don’t panic or judge yourself harshly. It might take one year or longer to get your budget optimized to reflect the suggested percentages.

When dealing in percentages, you can track progress. As you start adjusting your budget, track the improvements you are making. A positive increase in savings or reducing an expense by 1% is a step in the right direction. This is not about being perfect. It is about right sizing your life to fit your income.

 

Are You Treating Your 401K Like an ATM?

The following is a guest post from Bernz JP who writes at Moneylogue.

More importantly, Should You?

When “life happens” it can be extremely tempting to use retirement accounts as emergency savings accounts. And while in an ideal world, you would never need to do this, sometimes it may be necessary. Statistics state that a little over 30% of 401K investors in the last decade have cashed out before reaching the minimum age of 59½ that let them avoid the 10% early distribution penalty.

IRS rules do make room for retirement plan loans if the maximum amount of the loan is either under half of the amount of your vested balance or $50,000, whichever amount is smaller. This means you won’t be able to borrow more than $50,000 from your 401K, no matter how much your plan is worth.

So, the question is, what counts a necessary and what doesn’t?

If your financial situation has become problematic and you're eyeballing your 401K plan as a possible out, most financial advisors will tell you; you need to have a full understanding of the consequences before you move that direction. While borrowing from yourself might initially appear harmless and convenient, the long-term costs can end up being more expensive than you may realize. Here are some reasons to rethink borrowing from your 401K.

You’re Paying Taxes on the Same Money Twice

Yes, you will be paying yourself back with interest, but you’re using your taxable income to do it. This means you’ve paid taxes on the money you use to pay back the loan AND you’ll be paying taxes on that same money when you finally start using it for retirement.

Lost Income from Compounding Interest

Even with the interest, you pay back, no amount you can afford to pay will make up for the lost compounding interest the loan amount won’t make once it's withdrawn from the 401K.

A Loan May Prevent You from Making Future Contributions

Not only will you lose the compounding interest from the principal you withdraw, depending on your plan's regulations, but you may also be prevented from contributing new funds for up to six months. This ban on contributions means you will lose the pre-tax benefits from that money as well.

Once You Start – It’s Hard to Stop

Once you make the first loan and pay it back, it sometimes is difficult not to keep doing it again and again. Over time, this could greatly reduce the amount of income you’ll have available in retirement. As we stated above, once you lose the principal that is contributing to higher compound interest income, it’s virtually impossible to get it back.

Your Repayment Period May be Reduced If You Leave the Company

If you have to leave the company that holds your 401K before you’ve had a chance to pay back the loan, you may have to come up with the entire remaining balance in as little as 60 days.

This requirement will hold true whether you are leaving by choice or by force. Getting laid off will not protect you, which means you’ll be required to come up with the money at the worst possible time to be short on funds.

Scenarios That 401K Loans Could be a Good Idea.

Despite the drawbacks of 401K loans, there are some situations they might be a good idea, especially if all other options aren’t viable.

If You Own the IRS Back Taxes

Because of the penalties and interest that can build-up on overdue taxes, and the threat of wage garnishment to resolve the situation, a 401K loan may be your ticket out.

The additional money taken out of your paycheck to cover it probably won’t be any more than a federal garnishment would be, and you’ll stop accruing the higher interest amounts on the amount owed.

Before you go this route, double check with the other tax relief programs for alternative options.

If You are Close to Eviction and/or Bankruptcy

If you are facing a severe cataclysmic event financially, make an appointment to speak with a counselor from the National Foundation for Credit Counseling (NFCC). They will be able to assist you in determining what directions you can take to possibly get out of debt. If your 401K can help you buy some time to restructure your financial situation, they’ll be able to advise you on the best way to use the money. You can find a counselor in your area by visiting the NFCC website at www.nfcc.org.

If You are About to Default on Student Loans

Defaulting on your student loans can have a negative effect on your credit record, which can have an effect on future plans for quite some time.

Plus, if you’ve already had to declare bankruptcy and are also about to default on your student loans, you could end up with a double whammy on your credit record. In most situations, student loans don’t fall under the umbrella of bankruptcy, so you’ll still be responsible for them.

Weigh the Pros and Cons Carefully Before Moving Forward

Financial difficulties are usually a part of life at one time or the other. Getting them taken care of and quickly and painlessly as possible is the ideal way to overcome them. When considering using your 401K for this, you need to make sure the ends actually do justify the means. With the possibilities of penalties, loss of interest, and delay in additional contributions, the result could mean a greatly depleted retirement income.

Additionally, unless you are EXTREMELY secure in your current job, the possibility of having to come up with the balance of the loan in a short period of time, or suffer even greater consequences, could lead to more harm than the original loan did any good.

As most counselors will tell you, the only time you should seriously consider taking a loan out on your 401K is if your financial situation has come to an extremely bad point and it is the only option left to you to dig your way out. In those cases, make sure you know exactly what the effects could be so you can be as prepared as possible for any and all outcomes.

Save Money by Exercising

Check out this video:

The key point in it:

Exercising for 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week saves you $2,500 a year.

And this is only heart health savings! If you add in all the other health-related savings, it's much higher than this.

Couple this with the fact that people who exercise more make more money and exercising is a no-brainer!

I am at the gym six times a week and am active in addition to that (I try for about 15k steps per day). I feel better by working out as well, so my quality of life is improved to boot!

How about you? Do you exercise? Why or why not?

When You Should Have Your Taxes Done

As tax season gets close to wrapping up, I thought this piece from Business Insider was timely

It gives a flowchart, decision-tree on whether you should do your taxes yourself or have someone else do them for you.

The times they suggest you should hire someone include:

• Household income over $200k
• Self-employed or own a business
• Extensive investments
• Make large charitable donations
• Had a major life change like baby or marriage
• Don't have the time and patience to DIY

Other than the major life changes, all of these pertained to my family for most of the past 20 years. That's why we've used a CPA to do our taxes for most of that time.

This year it took me a fraction of the time to get everything together for my CPA. Once I retired things did get a bit less complicated in some ways, but more complicated in others (like having a daughter in college.) So unless things shift drastically for us, we'll probably keep using a CPA for taxes for the foreseeable future.

How about you? Do you hire someone or DIY? Why did you decide to do it this way?

Top Three Life Expenses

Just look at this interesting chart.

There are several things that stood out to me here, but most notably these:

• Look at how much housing takes up at every single level. No wonder I was able to accumulate such wealth by paying off my mortgage early.
• Food is a category that most people spend way too much on IMO. Almost every single person we coached spent multiples of what we did on food (much of it on expensive, processed, branded products and eating out) even when we had more people in our family.
• Transportation is a huge money suck. This information makes a good argument for living close to work, driving a car until it can't go any more, and keeping these costs as low as possible.

In fact, if you look at these three costs, they make up half the spending at almost every income (much more than that at lower income levels).

Here are some quick thoughts on how to reduce the spending in each area:

• Buy a house below what you can afford. This will not only help you pay it off faster but save on associated expenses. It's well documented that the larger the house you have, the more you spend on related items.
• Reduce your restaurant costs and branded purchases. From there take the right steps to save even more on your remaining food purchases.
• If you can live close enough to work to bike/walk, do it. If not, get a gas-efficient car and drive it into the ground. Or even better, see if you can work from home. :)

Doing these will make a MASSIVE difference in your budget and free up resources you can use to save and ultimately retire early.

Is $1 Million Enough to Retire?

Do you think it's possible to retire on $1 million?

CNBC doesn't think so:

A cool $1 million has long been considered the gold standard of retirement savings. These days, it's only a fraction of what you will really need.

For instance, a 67-year-old baby boomer retiring now with $1 million in the bank will generate $40,000 a year to live on adjusted for inflation and assuming a sustainable withdrawal rate of 4 percent, said Mark Avallone, president of Potomac Wealth Advisors and author of "Countdown to Financial Freedom."

It's worse for a 42-year-old Gen Xer, whose $1 million at retirement will only generate an inflation-adjusted $19,000 a year when all is said and done. And a 32-year-old millennial planning to retire at 67 with $1 million would live below the poverty line.

That's what Avallone, a certified financial planner, calls "million-dollar poverty."

LOL! This is written like a journalist (who knows nothing about money) who consults with a financial planner (who knows nothing about money) wrote it!

First of all, why are they assuming the millionaire today can't live in $40k? That's completely reasonable, especially if they live in a low cost-of-living city https://esimoney.com/where-you-live-has-a-big-impact-on-your-net-worth/ and/or have their house paid off https://esimoney.com/how-to-buy-a-house-and-pay-off-the-mortgage-in-less-than-10-years/.

Second, let's say the 42-year-old retired NOW with $1 million. He could take $40k out of that PLUS it's highly likely he will earn more money here and there. Very few young retirees never earn another penny in their lives once they retire. And if they have something like a small side hustle, that makes retirement MUCH more affordable.

On the opposite end of the spectrum is a post that says you can retire on $1 million or less -- and gives examples of just that, listing how to reach financial independence by age 35.

So which is it? Is $1 million enough to retire on or not?

The truth is, it depends on:

• How much you plan to spend in retirement -- If you need to spend $30k, it probably is enough. If you need to spend $100k, it probably isn't.
• How much you can earn off that $1 million -- If you can earn 10% income off it by investing in real estate, then you are probably ok. If you have to withdraw at 4%, maybe it's ok and maybe not.
• What margins of safety you have -- Personally, I wouldn't leave work life without it. ;)

Those are my thoughts. What's your take on the situation?

A Great Side Hustle Idea

I've been blogging for almost 13 years now and I get the question quite often: "How can I make money blogging?"

So today, I have an answer for that question.

For those of you who want to get started blogging immediately and learn as you go, here's a post on how to set up a blog.

For those of you who want to know the details and learn a bit before you jump in, check out the series of blogging posts starting here.

Blogging has been very good to me over the years and with a bit of time and effort, I believe almost everyone can turn it into a decent side hustle.

If you decide to jump in, best of luck to you on your journey.

You Can Spend It All

Wow.

I don't know why it surprises me when I see articles on how people can't manage to survive on $100k income or more.

I've been writing on this issue for years so you would think I'd be numb to it by now.

But every time they come around, I shake my head like it was the first time I've ever heard stories like these.

And they always seem to come in bunches -- so I have a few to share today.

We'll begin with this couple who makes $100k and says they don't ever expect to retire:

Theresa Sahhar and her husband make a combined $100,000, which is nearly double the median annual income in the United States.

They live in Olathe, Kansas, where the cost of living is "pretty reasonable," Sahhar told NPR's Lulu Garcia-Navarro during a segment on living on $100,000 a year. Still, they're "struggling to make enough money to do all the things that we normally do."

I don't need to go any farther into the article to know that these people are spending way too much.

I've been to Olathe, Kansas several times and it's not that expensive -- 5% above the average US location according to Best Places.

At the same time, as mentioned, $100k is twice the average income.

If you make twice what most people make and live in an average cost-of-living city, you have some BIG expense outflows in some area.

But we'll get to that in a minute. For now, let's move on to later in that article where it says:

They aren't the only residents earning six figures and struggling to set aside money for retirement, college and other major expenses. Some living in the area who earn $100,000 "are living paycheck to paycheck," the Post reports, and even families earning up to $250,000 "don't consider themselves to be high-earners."

My goodness. Not higher earners at $250k?

On to the next article. Here's a couple making $180k per year who don't feel like they are doing well:

On the income distribution charts at the center of tax overhaul plans, Courtney Mishoe knows she’s doing well. She works as a tax manager at a firm in the Atlanta suburbs. Her husband is a police officer. Together, they make more than $180,000 a year. They are solidly in the upper middle class. But they have a mortgage and three kids, including one in day care and another in high school with plans to go to college. It all adds up. They depend on tax deductions to make their budget work.

“I don’t feel wealthy,” Mishoe said. “I don’t have a bunch of money stashed away anywhere.”

They depend on tax deductions to make their budget work? Really?

Things are that tight on earnings of $180k?

And yet it gets worse.

If you think you can stomach it you can watch this:

It's a boo-hoo interview with a writer who talks about how hard it is to make things work financially.

He admits that he's made some bad financial decisions including:

• Choosing to be a writer (low income)
• Choosing to live in NYC (in the Hamptons -- high cost-of-living)
• Choosing to have two children and send them to expensive colleges (expensive colleges can kill!)

Uh, yeah. Those things do impact your finances!

But then he doesn't really take responsibility saying, "But those choices are what I call life."

No, they are not simply "life". It isn't life to live in a resort area, high tax state, and send your kids to Harvard and Stanford.

BTW, he never gives his income but I don't think he's a starving writer. My guess is that he "only" makes $100k or so.

Towards the end of the piece he quotes USA Today as saying that a "middle class existence would cost $130,000 a year."

He then goes on to say that most people make $50k, so there's the problem.

But that's not what USA Today said. (I can't believe he as a writer or PBS as the interviewer didn't fact check this.)

They said the cost of the "American Dream" is $130k:

In fact, three-quarters of Americans polled by the Brookings Institution in 2008 said the dream was harder to attain.

They're right to worry. An analysis by USA TODAY shows that living the American dream would cost the average family of four about $130,000 a year. Only 16 million U.S. households — around 1 in 8 — earned that much in 2013, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

They basically make a bunch of over-priced assumptions (more than I've ever paid in almost every category) to "prove" that it takes $130k to make the American Dream work.

I'm thinking there's an agenda here...but we move on.

The video above is an interview with the writer who is covered in this Atlantic piece.

If you read far into that article you'll find this:

Lusardi, Tufano, and Schneider found that nearly one-quarter of households making $100,000 to $150,000 a year claim not to be able to raise $2,000 in a month.

It also states this -- which I can agree with 100%:

Basically, a good many Americans are “financially illiterate,” and this illiteracy correlates highly with financial distress. A 2011 study she and a colleague conducted measuring knowledge of fundamental financial principles (compound interest, risk diversification, and the effects of inflation) found that 65 percent of Americans ages 25 to 65 were financial illiterates.

Then there's this piece from NPR about what it's like to live on $100k. A summary:

NPR's Lulu Garcia-Navarro spoke to a variety of people in different cities about what their lives look like on $100,000 a year. On paper, that kind of salary is considered well-off. But as we heard from many, it often takes just one major expense for that to not feel like enough: student loans, health care, childcare or housing costs.

They try to make a good story but when you read between the lines you see "credit card debt" and high cost-of-living cities.

But hold on to your hats. We're about to take this to a whole new level!

Check out this post:

Vanamee consulted experts to estimate the "happiness number" for a hypothetical, wealthy, non-working couple in their 40s with two teenage kids in an expensive private school in New York City. They live in a parkside Fifth Avenue apartment, buy art, take private jets, donate to charity, and have a household staff — a chef, a driver, and a housekeeper — plus two vacation homes. They're also setting aside $25 million for each child to inherit.

An analyst from US Trust cited in the Town & Country report estimated the hypothetical couple would need to have a net worth of $190 million to sustain this lifestyle.

Of course! I know I certainly wouldn't be able to be "happy" on anything less than $190 million!

Are these people real???!!!

As you might imagine, I have a lot to say about these stories:

• No matter how much you make, you can spend it all. We've seen athletes, musicians, actors, and others who have made multiple millions go bankrupt, so there's no amount where you can't spend it all.
• The main problem: no financial discipline. And discipline, discipline, discipline, discipline is vital to financial success.
• Living in a high cost-of-living city is a killer. If you make a given income, it's so much better to live in a place where costs are 20% to 50% lower, right?
• Many will say that incomes are higher in higher-cost areas. Some incomes are higher, but if you look at the numbers you'll see that the higher incomes don't offset the higher costs http://www.freemoneyfinance.com/2006/09/move_save_money.html.
• If you really want to become wealthy, the best bet is to earn a high salary in a low cost-of-living market. This has been talked about in detail by financial bloggers at ESI Money and Physician on Fire.

In the end, the fact that someone can't make it on $100k, $180k, or $190 million isn't an earning problem, but a spending problem.

I want to close with a quote from a podcast interview I heard recently with Jonathan Clements, a personal finance journalist and writer for the Wall Street Journal, and one of the few financial writers who IMO actually knows what he's talking about.

In the interview he's asked, "What’s the most important thing that you’ve learned since you’ve started writing about personal finance?"

His reply:

It sounds ridiculously simple, but the one lesson that’s been driven home to me year after year, is the importance of being a good saver, everything else is secondary. Over the years, both when I was at the Wall Street Journal, when I was at Citigroup and even now, I’ve spoken to thousands of every day investors who have accumulated seven figure portfolios. Many of them have modest incomes, most of them were mediocre investors but almost all of them shared one attribute in common, they were extremely frugal, otherwise known as cheap.

The way they achieved financial success was living way beneath their means and saving great gobs of money every month. If you wanna be financially successful, it is indeed as simple as that, everything else is gravy. If you have great savings habits, you could afford to buy advantage funds. I wouldn’t suggest you do it but you could take that risk and end up with market lagging returns. You can pay too much to a financial advisor and you’ll still be fine. If you have great savings habits, good things are gonna happen, everything else is gravy.

So true. Because the fact is that without saving, you can simply spend all you make -- even if you make a fortune.

The Crazy Way We Work

Here's an interesting infographic on the crazy way we work.

I'm going to pick out a few of their facts and comment on them.

70% of American workers experience stress-related illnesses.

I can relate to this.

I never knew what a toll stress was taking on my body until I retired. I could literally feel the stress melting away over time. It took about six months for me to fully de-stress after working almost 30 years.

Of course, too much stress is not good for any of us. In this way, our jobs are slowly killing us every day.

33% more heart attacks occur on Monday mornings.

Uh, yeah. Because 1) people hate their jobs and 2) there's a lot of stress there. No surprise here.

In retirement, Monday becomes your favorite day. Why? Because everyone else goes back to work. The stores are quieter, the gym is quieter, the theater is quieter, and so on.

The average commute time is 47 minutes round trip.

That is BRUTAL!

Most people don't factor the physical (more stress!) and monetary (like taking a big pay cut) impact of a long commute.

Think about it this way: 47 minutes per day * 5 days per week * 50 weeks = 11,750 minutes or 196 hours or 8.2 days per year commuting. Ugh.

I never had a commute more than 20 minutes one way and if I had I would have probably hated it completely.

41% of tasks on to-do lists never get completed.

What a shock here...not really.

Most people are so busy getting to the urgent things each day that they don't get to the important things.

There's a reason Covey addressed this in his 7 Habits book.

Interesting stuff all the way around. If you want more, check out the infographic for yourself.

What's It Take to "Make It"?

Here's a very interesting post and infographic on what people think it takes to "make it" in America. 

2,000 people were asked what “making it” means to them. Their answers provide some interesting results.

Here are a few of the money-related ones and my thoughts on them:

Average annual income: Now: $57,426; Made it: $147,104

So while the average person in the survey makes $57k, they feel they would have "made it" is they earned $147k.

Wow, that's a big gap.

And one that is not achievable by most people.

According to WalletHacks, the top 5% of earners earn $130k or more.

So in other words, the vast majority will never "make it" to their desired income.

That said, if they want to, they need to get started asap at growing their careers as well as begin a side hustle.

Average home value: Now: $248k; Made it: $461k

First of all, these people are either living in high cost-of-living areas or they want HUGE houses! Yikes!

They should be careful since houses costing over $300k can actually lower your net worth.

Second, I think I have "made it" and I've never owned a home I purchased for over $400k (my current home might be worth that now, but I bought it for under $400k -- and we don't live in the high rent district).

That said, I do own $600k of rental property, so don't know if they're counting that (I assume not).

Average car value: Now: $15,789; Made it: $41,986

Uh, no.

Really? Really, America?

Maybe it's because they associate "making it" with an expensive, luxury car. Otherwise, I don't get it.

Two other pieces of information worth sharing:

• My state, Colorado, was listed as the #3 "made it" state. Oh yes...
• They asked people what it took to be "above average" in status. Women were more likely to say "income" while men were more likely to say "freedom". Interesting. That said, freedom and income are interrelated.

Check out the piece for a ton more interesting facts presented in a very nice infographic.

How Much to Borrow for College

Unless you've been hiding under a rock for the past few years, you've heard about the "student loan crisis"

I put that in quotes because it's not a crisis IMO. It's a problem caused by people who do not understand basic financial principles. But more on that in a minute.

For now, let's begin with what Wikipedia says about student loan debt:

The Economist reported in June 2014 that U.S. student loan debt exceeded $1.2 trillion, with over 7 million debtors in default. In 2014, there was approximately $1.3 trillion of outstanding student loan debt in the U.S. that affected 44 million borrowers who had an average outstanding loan balance of $37,172.

This level of debt in and of itself is not a problem -- as long as that debt can be covered by the salaries of the graduates with the debt.

The problem comes when a person borrows a huge amount that has no chance of being repaid given his expected graduating salary.

Here's a perfect example of what I'm talking about:

A Wilmington woman has reached her wits' end trying to pay off nearly $200,000 in student loan debt with a $38,000 salary.

And it's not isolated by any means. I've seen these sorts of situations for years and years and years.

Dave Ramsey deals with this sort of issue all the time. Here he is addressing it on a video:

And if you really want to hear him go off on the subject, listen to him have a meltdown over student loan debt. It's a classic. ;)

I've written several times about how to avoid this problem -- it boils down to making sure the debt is reasonable given the expected earnings upon graduation.

I only had a general suggestion on how to deal with this until I recently ran into this suggestion from Suze Orman:

Kids should not borrow more than they expect to make in their first year out of school.

In other words, if you expect to make $30k in your first year out of school, you shouldn't borrow more than $30k for the degree.

This seems like a good rule-of-thumb to me. What do you think of it?

And for those interested, here's a piece on how to select a college and another on how to save on college.

How Much You Should Have Saved by Your 40s

MSN gives some details on how much the average 40-year-old has saved.

The summary:

Among U.S. households headed by someone aged 44 to 49, the average retirement savings balance is $81,347, according to the Economic Policy Institute. But while that number may not seem all that bad, it's also a bit misleading. A small number of wealthier people who are financially able to set aside very large amounts can easily pull an average up. And in fact, they do. If we take a look at the median retirement savings balance -- signifying that half of these households have more saved, and half have less -- it's just $6,200. And what this tells us is that there are far more 40-something families whose nest eggs are below the average than above it.

Yikes! The median is $6,200???? That is totally pathetic!

But there's more -- they continue:

But even if you're between 44 and 49 and have managed to amass $81,000 or so, you still have some catching up to do. According to Fidelity, by the time you reach your mid-40s, your retirement savings balance should be equal to four times your salary. Since the average salary for American workers in their mid-40s is somewhere around the $50,000 range, to have accumulated just $81,347 at this point means you're not where you need to be. And if you're among the countless Americans who have yet to set aside a single dime for retirement, let this serve as a wake-up call.

In other words, you should have $200k saved by your mid-40's.

IMO this is not anywhere close to being enough (at 4% withdrawal, you can take $8k out per year). I'd prefer at least double that by mid-40s for sure -- hopefully even by the time you reach 40. That would allow $16k per year withdrawal at retirement. Add in savings from 40 to retirement age plus Social Security and you should have more than enough to retire -- and do so early!

One more thing: I suggest you start a side hustle because it can get you to retirement MUCH faster than you can without one. Even if you haven't saved much so far, creating a side business can help you catch up quickly and retire faster.

Five Countries Where You Can Retire for $1,000 a Month

Kiplinger lists five countries where you can retire for $1,000 a month as follows:

1. Thailand
2. Bolivia
3. Nicaragua
4. Malaysia
5. Georgia

Here's my take on this:

• Personally, I wouldn't want to live in any of these. None of them appeal to me in any way.
• That said, if you haven't saved much for retirement and don't want to stop working when you're 90, these offer a great option.
• I'm not sure I'd ever leave the US -- I like living here.
• If we ever did move to a foreign country we'd likely go somewhere more expensive -- like St. Martin.
• For now, I think our near-term plan is to live in Colorado most of the year, then spend anywhere from a couple weeks to a couple months in the Caribbean when it's cold here.

Those are my thoughts. What would you like to add?

Where You Can Live on $50k Per Year

Business Insider lists 19 cities where you can live on $50k per year.

Here are my comments related to this:

• Where you live has a HUGE impact on your net worth. It's a fact of financial life that some places are simply more expensive than others -- some MUCH more expensive. It's hard to get ahead when you live in a place that's 50% more costly than a comparable city.
• I prefer the option of going low in cost and high in income by making a lot of money while living in a low-cost city. And don't say it can't be done -- I've done it for almost 30 years now.
• Of their cities listed, I've lived in or near four of them. And I happen to live in one now -- and the most beautiful place we've ever lived in.
• This is just their list of the top 50 markets that are best to live in for low costs. There are tons of much smaller markets that are inexpensive and still great.

I know there are other reasons to live in a spot than money (like family). But if you have the choice and are mobile, moving to a low cost-of living city will help you grow your net worth and ultimately retire much faster than a high-cost city.

Five Signs You Retired Too Early

CNN Money lists five signs you retired too early as follows:

1. You're bored
2. Your expenses are unpredictable
3. You don't qualify for Medicare
4. You're withdrawing early Social Security benefits
5. Your financial planner isn't happy

Here's my take on these:

• Yes, it's true that you need something to retire TO, not just retire FROM something. If you have no life outside of work, you either need to find some things to do or keep working. As for me, I have so many fun things I like to do that I'm busier than ever (in a good way) and get up at 5:30 am each day because I want to do them!
• Here's where a budget comes in handy. Not only does it help get you to retirement (by being a tool you can use to control your spending), but helps you predict what your retirement budget (both income and expenses) could be. You do NOT want to retire without completing a solid budget beforehand and one that includes margins of safety in case income is lower or costs are higher than expected. We had 20+ years of data in Quicken, so estimating our retirement budget was a breeze. You don't have to have that much info, but I'd suggest at least five years to have a good guess at what your costs will be.
• Healthcare in retirement is a HUGE issue because it's so expensive. Unfortunately, there aren't a lot of great alternatives, but some gaining popularity are health sharing ministries like Samaritan Ministries and Medi-Share. You may want to check them out.
• There's a whole debate on when to take Social Security. No one knows the best time for any one individual since we don't know when a specific person will die. That said, generally taking it later is better and if you have to have it to make your retirement work, it's probably best to delay a bit and build up some more savings.
• LOL! First of all, I'm pretty skeptical on the wisdom of many "planners" (who are really just glorified sales people). Second, he may not be happy simply because you're moving from accumulating assets which he gets paid to manage to drawing down those assets. I wouldn't put much weight on what my planner thought as long as I was confident in my own ability to manage my finances. If you know nothing about money, you're kind of stuck and will need to listen to someone more knowledgeable.

Anyway, that's my take on these five. What do you think of them?

Suze Orman Says 70 is the Correct Retirement Age

This piece by financial "expert" Suze Orman came out a bit ago.

Here's the headline statement:

If I resurrected "How Am I Doing?" today, I'd be handing out plenty of failing grades to anyone who thinks they will be able to retire before they turn 70. Yes, you heard me right: 70 is the new retirement age—not a month or year before.

She goes on to elaborate:

Look, I totally get that if you are reading MONEY you're probably a diligent saver. But it's always dangerous to assume you're better off than you really are. You likely have plenty saved up to breeze through 15 years or so of retirement. But, people, if you stop working in your 60s, your retirement stash might need to support you for 30 years, not 15.

Then she details her three steps to retirement:

Step 1: Delay Tapping Social Security Until 70
Step 2: Lay the Foundation Now to Work Longer Later
Step 3: Truly Enjoy a Secure Retirement

Several thoughts on this one:

• For most Americans, she's probably right. Why? Because they don't save like they should while working. They spend too much and save too little, which ends up meaning you need to work longer.
• That said, if you manage your money correctly, you can retire -- and retire quite well -- waaaaaay before 70. I did it at 52 and could have retired almost a decade earlier quite comfortably.
• If I was stuck at retiring at 70, I'd be very, very depressed.
• Even if you're "older" (like in your 40s or 50s) and haven't saved much, there's still a way you can retire before 70. For details check out this post on how to retire in ten years.

Anyway, that's my take on her thoughts. What's yours?

Happy New Year

Just want to wish you all a very happy New Year!

May 2018 be your best year yet!

I'll be back next week. As of now I'm in college football heaven. ;)

Merry Christmas

Just wanted to wish all FMF readers a very Merry Christmas!!!! I'll be taking the next couple weeks off to enjoy the season.

Hope you all have a great holiday!!

How to Save on Healthcare Costs

Money magazine ran a piece on "Four Ways to Cut Your Medical Bills" which inspired this response in a letter to the editor:

Here is my list of free measures that can be taken to save on health care costs that are usually underutilized:

1. Don't get overweight.
2. Do get some regular exercise.
3. Don't smoke.
4. Don't overuse alcohol or don't use it at all.
5. Don't use illicit drugs.
6. Do get enough sleep.
7. Do wear your seat belt.

Over my 31 years as a practicing internal medicine physician, most of my patients would have been better off just following these rules.

My thoughts on these:

1. I work out six times per week (three days of weights and three of cardio.) I also have a trainer that I meet with regularly. I have lost 20 pounds and am in the best shape of my life. I know that there are health reasons to be the right weight. I also know that not being overweight can help you save money and earn more as well. 

2. In addition to what I said above, I feel better when I exercise too. There are many financial benefits to being healthy and in good shape. For one thing, it makes you more attractive which is one step in making more money.

3. I've been writing a long time about not smoking. Check out this post from 2005. My summary then holds true today: You're paying a lot of money to kill yourself. ;)

4. I don't use alcohol as I have a policy against drinking my calories. Besides, I generally don't like the taste.

5. Uh, no drugs.

6. If you work out, you'll probably sleep better (I do). And sleeping better has a whole host of positive benefits.

7. Of course. Does anyone NOT wear their seat belt these days?

How about you? How do you rate on these seven tips?